138 



PHASCOLOSOMA (S1PUNCULUS) PAPIL- 

 LOSUM, Thomps. 

 (Tab. 15, Fig. 46). 

 Ann. & Magaz., vol. v, Pag. 101, 1840. 



Syrinx papülosus, Forbes. 

 Brit. Starfish 1841, Pag. 247. 



Phascolosoma papillosum, Dies. 

 Revis. d. Rhyngoden in 1. c, Pag. 762, 1859. 

 Sipunculus papülosus, Qatref. L c* II, Pag. 625, 1865. 



Kroppen 80 Mm. lang, 15 Mm. bred, valseformig, 

 endende bagtil i en liden Spids, tæt besat overalt med 

 flade Papiller, der danne uregelmæssige Tverrader og 

 forsynet med fine baade Længde- og Tverstriber. Saavel 

 paa den bagre Ende som ved Grunden af Snabelen staa 

 Papillerne meget tættere og ere noget større. Snabelen, 

 40 Mm. lang, er ligesom Kroppen besat med Papiller og 

 forsynet med mange traadformige Tentakler. Analaab- 

 ningen temmelig fremstaaende. Huden blød, og paa dens 

 indre, mat perlemorglindsende Flade sees to tynde Mu- 

 skellag, der ikke danne særskilte Bundter. 4 Ketractorer, 

 der fortil i Snabelen forene sig for ganske at omgive 

 Spiserøret (Fig. 46 r). Bugretractorerne (Fig. 46 vr) ud- 

 springe paa den bagerste Del af Kroppens forreste Tre- 

 diedel med en temmelig bred Basis, der er omgiven af et 

 tyndt, slangeformigt Organ (Fig. 46 o). Bygretractorerne 

 (Fig. 46 dr) udspringe omtr. i lige Linie med Analaab- 

 ningen, altsaa paa Kroppens forreste Del, ligeledes med 

 en bredere Basis. Segmentalorganerne frie, meget lange, 

 dels blæreformigt udvidede, dels stærkt contraberede 

 (Fig. 46 s, s). Spiserøret, der er noget smalt og ledsaget 

 af et langt contractilt Kar (Fig. 46 k), gaar over i Tar- 

 men, der danner en Mangfoldigbed af Slyngninger (mel- 

 lem 50 — 60), saa at den strækker sig lige til den ba- 

 gerste Ende af Kropshulheden (Fig. 46 t, t). Endetarmen 

 (Fig. 46 r 1 ) er yderst kort og med stærke Muskelknipper 

 fæstet til Huden. Fra et af disse Knipper udspringer en 

 Spindelmuskel (Fig. 46 sm), der løber ned igjennem nogle 

 Tarmvindinger for at fæste sig paa den 4de eller 5te af 

 disse. Den 1ste Tarmslynge, ligesom den nederste Del af 

 Spiserøret, er befæstet ved en lang tendinøs Muskeltraad 

 til Kropsbulbedens Væg. Nervestrengen er tyk og løber 

 imellem Retractorerne (Fig. 46 n). Saavel Kropshulheden, 

 som de i denne indesluttede Organer, ere beklædte med 

 Peritoneum. 



Farven er rustbrun, noget mørkere ved den bagerste 

 Ende og ved Grunden af Snabelen. 



Vi have kun bavt 2 Exemplarer til vor Raadigbed, 

 hvoraf det ene er fundet ved Askevold (Søndfjord), det 

 andet i Bergensfjorden, — begge af samme Størrelse, paa 

 40—50 Favnes Dyb, sandig Bund. Den er ogsaa funden 

 ved de britiske Øer af Thompson m. Flere. 



FORKLARING OVER FIGURERNE. 



Tab. 15, Fig. 46. Phascolosoma papillosum, aabnet, naturlig Stør- 

 relse, dr Dorsalretractorer; vr Ventralretractorer ; r Ske- 

 den, som dannes ved de 4 Retractorers Sammensmel- 



PHASCOLOSOMA (SIPUNCULUS) PAPIL- 

 LOSUM, Thomps. 

 (Tab. 15, fig. 46). 

 Ann. & Magaz. vol. v, p. 101, 1840. 



Syrinx papülosus, Forbes. 

 Brit.. Star-fish 1841, p. 247. 



Phascolosoma papillosum, Dies. 

 Revis. d. Rhyngoden in 1. c, p. 762, 1859. 

 Sipunculus papülosus, Quatref. 1. c. II, p. 625, 1865. 



The body 80 Mm. long, 15 Mm. broad, cylindrical, 

 terminating behind in a little point, everywhere densely 

 covered with flat papillæ, which form irregular transverse 

 rows, and striated both longitudinally and transversely. 

 As well on the posterior extremity as at the base of the 

 | proboscis, the papillæ are much closer and somewhat 

 ! larger. The proboscis, 40 Mm. long, is, like the body, 

 | covered with papillæ and furnished with a number of 

 | filiform tentacles. The anal-aperture rather prominent. 

 i The skin soft, and on its interior dull iridescent surface 

 there appear two thin layers of muscles, which do not 

 form separate fascicles. 4 retractors, which unite in front 

 in the proboscis, entirely surrounding the gullet (fig. 46 r). 

 The ventral retractors (fig. 46 vr) issue from the posterior 

 part of the anterior third of the body, with a rather 

 broad basis surrounded by a thin, serpentine organ (fig. 

 46 o). The dorsal retractors (fig. 46 dr) issue about in 

 a straight line with the anal aperture, that is, on the 

 anterior part of the body, likewise with a broader basis. 

 The segmental organs free, very long, partly enlarged 

 bladder-like, partly strongly contracted (fig. 46 s, s). The 

 oesophagus, which is very narrow and accompanied by a 

 long contractile vessel (fig. 46 k), goes over into the in- 

 testine forming a multitude of circumvolutions (between 

 50—60); so that it extends quite to the posterior end 

 of the perivisceral cavity (fig. 46 t, t). The rectum (fig. 

 46 r 1 ) is extremely short, and attached by strong fas- 

 cicles of muscles to the skin. From one of these fas- 

 cicles, there issues a fusiform muscle (fig. 46 sm) which 

 runs down through some of the circumvolutions of the 

 intestine, and attaches itself to the 4th or 5th. The 1st 

 circumvolution of the intestine, as also the lowest part 

 of the oesophagus, is attached, by a long tendinous mu- 

 scular filament, to the wall of .the perivisceral cavity. The 

 nervous cord is thick, and runs between the retractors 

 (fig. 46 n). The perivisceral cavity and the organs inclosed 

 in it, are covered with the peritoneum. 



The color is ferruginous brown, somewhat darker at 

 the posterior extremity and at the base of the proboscis. 

 We have only had 2 specimens at our disposal, one . 

 of which was found at Askevold (Søndfjord), the other 

 in the Bergensfjord — both of same size — in 40—50 

 fathoms, sandy bottom. It has also been found near 

 the British islands by Thompson and others. 



EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES. 

 Tal). 15, fig. 46. Phascolosoma papillosum, opened, natural size. 

 dr dorsal retractors ; vr ventral retractors ; r sheath formed 

 by the coalescence of the 4 retractors; r 1 Rectum; sm 



