142 



B,. B. Shaw — On the OhalcJiah Languages. 



Ghalchah (Wakhi). 

 Norn. PL yaisht 

 Gen. „ yav (an) 

 Dat. „ yav-ar 

 Instr. „ da yav AS 

 Abl. „ sayavAS 



Daedtj (Arniya). 

 hami 

 hamitAJS 

 7iamitAJ$-te 

 hamitXN-nase 

 JiamitAJS-sar 



[No. 2, 



English. 



they 



of them 



to them 



by them 



from them 

 Where the t would seem to be merely euphonic to save the meeting 

 of two vowels. 



Thus in both languages the termination an has become a merely formal 

 one for some or all of the oblique cases, but requiring to be re-inforced by 

 prepositions or postpositions. It was probably once significative, and may 

 have been the mark of some primitive case which did duty for all the 

 various objective relations of nouns, until a want was felt for greater preci- 

 sion which was attained by superposing special affixes and prefixes. # 



Passing on from this general oblique inflection to the particular cases^ 

 we find that the Genitive in the Ghalchah dialect under notice is formed 

 merely by the apposition of the noun (in its oblique form if any) to ano~ 

 other noun. In some of the Dardu dialects the same seems to be the rule, 

 though others have a special genitive form : 





Aeniya. English. 



Aeniya. 



English. 



Nom 



. sorum gold 





miter 



a king. 



Obi. 



( -te to 

 sormo < 



(. -sar irom 



jgold 



mitaru ] 



L -sar 



to V ",-'. 

 &omi aklng 



Gen. 



sormo of gold 



mitaru 



of a king. 





Aeniya. 



Eng 



LISH. 



Khajuna. 



Nom 



miterdnn 



kings 



tha 



mo. 





r -te 



to "\ 





,c v 



Obi. 



miteranan < -somega 



with > kii 



tigs (also Ace.) tha 



mo < -kath 





L-sar 



from ) 





\-tzum 



Gen. 



miteranann 



of kings 



thamo 



Nom. "host a hand 



Obi. hosto (Ace. and Abl.) { a hand 



( from a hand 



Gen. hosto of a hand 



Kalasha. English. 



Nom. sha a king 



Obi. shdas (Dat. to (or from) a 



and Abl.) king 

 Gen. shdas of a king 



So also with the Pronouns. 

 * Prof. M. Miiller shows that several genitives and datives were originally locatives 



Kalasha. English. 



motsh a man 



motshes(J)&t. and to (or from) a 



Abl.) man 



motshes of a man. 



