144 



E. B. Shaw — On the GhalcJiah Languages. 



[No. % 



form, So also in Ghalchah (Wakhi) for this case the noun is often used 

 without any special mark, though occasionally the syllable a is either pre- 

 fixed or affixed. 



The Ablative and Instrumental -cases have been already mentioned. The 

 inflectional termination is the same for both groups. The only post-positions 

 or pre-positions in these cases that can be compared are : hatti in Sarikoli, 

 and hath in Khajuna, meaning with, and perhaps sa (or tsa) in Wakhi with 

 the Khajuna tzum, meaning from. 



We now come to the Vebb. The two forms of the Infinitive {phi 

 and ond) in the Shina (Dard) dialects, appear to correspond with the two 

 forms in Wakhi (ah and an or in), which , however, have lost the final 

 vowel. 



INFINITIVES. 



English. Dabi>tj. 



Gilgiti. Astori. 



to die .......... ...., 



to say or tell ray-OKL 



to cook 



to do £oki 



miri-oso 



jpaj -o^o 



Ghalchah, 

 Wakhi. 

 mara-TE 

 hhan-AK 

 poch-AJK 

 hhk&. 



The Kalasha form of Dardu also has an Infinitive resembling that of 

 the Wakhi in ah, e. g. on-ih "to bring", deh "to give", jagd-ih "to see", 

 har4h " to do", mond-eh " to say, &c. 



The Infinitive in Dardu seems to be declined as a verbal noun, as in 

 the Ghalchah dialects, e. g. to hi djo "from doing". 



The whole of the inflectional part of the Ghalchah Verb-conjugation 

 is effected by means of two sets of personal terminations, of which one set is 

 used for the Future Present, and the other for the Past Tenses. The former 

 set may be thus compared with the terminations of the same Tense in the 

 Dardu (Shina) : 



English. Dakdu. 



Shina. 

 I go or will go... mu boy-VM. 



thou&c tu %-e 



he &c , , , , # jo boye or boyey 



we &c # h e boy-oiz or bbis 



ye &c, ............ tzo %-ET 



they &c. ......... je boy-m or boy-im 



Ghalchah. 

 Wakhi. Sarikoli 



waz rach-AM 

 tu rach-i 

 ydo rach-d 

 sah rach-KE 

 sdisht rach-iT 

 ya'isht rach-xs 



waz so-m. 

 tdo so 

 yu san-d 

 mdsh so-TS 

 tamdsh so-td 

 wodh so-in 



This remarkable similarity between the personal terminations of the 

 Future-Present Tense in the two groups of dialects, does not extend to the 



