154 E, B. Shaw— On He Glalclah Languages. (Wakhi). [No. 2 



c. The Imperative is taken from the Present Tense of the Indicative, 



merely dropping the terminational vowel in the 2nd person singular, 

 but retaining the termination in the 2nd person plural. The 

 singular imperative is therefore simply the Eoot-form of the 

 Present. 



(iii.) The Past tense is formed by adding the separable terminations or 

 pronouns to its own proper form ; 



Ex. Past form : cliald ; Past tense : chald-am "I desired." 



The 3rd person singular, having no special pronoun-ending, takes the 

 termination ei, as do also the other persons when their pronominal 

 terminations are separated from them or prefixed. 

 E. g. clidld-ei " he desired 



am ehald-ei " I desired." 



(iv.) a. The Perfect Tense similarly adds the separable terminations of 

 pronouns to its own proper form. 



Ex. Perfect form : clilgeth ; Perf . Tense : chilgetk-am " I have de- 

 sired," &c. 



Perf. form: laharth ; Perf . Tense : laTcartlc-am " I have put," &c. 



I. The Pluperfect is obtained from the Perfect Part, by rejecting the 

 last letter of that form, excepting when it ends with g, and adding 

 the syllable tiw (or tiilv) together with the separable terminations : 



Ex. Perfect form: clilgetJc ; Pluperfect Tense: chilget-tiw am " I had 

 desired." 



Perf. form : Jcsheng ; Plup. Tense : Jcsheng-tiw am u I had heard." 



[N.B.— This affix is perhaps for the Past tense of the auxiliary "to be" 

 (which see). Thus chilget-tku am for chilgeth-tu « = 'Iwa8 

 having desired" = I had desired."] 



c The Perfect Conditional is formed from the Perfect Participle by 

 adding the several persons of the Present Conditional of the Yerb 

 "to be." 



Ex. chilgetJc Tiumiam " if I had desired", lit. " if I am having-desired."* 



The Pluperfect Indicative is sometimes used instead of this Tense. 



The syllables sa and hi are sometimes prefixed, in order to give a sub- 

 junctive or conditional sense. 



d. A Verbal adjective is also obtained from the Perfect Participle by 



the addition of ung, ung, or eng. 

 Ex. cUlgeth-ung " which has desired" or " is desired" or " has been de- 

 sired." 



English expressions : « if I we re to desire," " if I should desire," " if I were desiring," 

 " if I shall desire," " if I desired," &c. 



Ihis refers to all times earlier than the present moment, and thus includes the 

 English expressions : « if I have desired, " if I had been desiring," &o. 



