1876.] R. B. Shaw—Ow tie Ghalchah Languages. (Sarikoli). 



161 



(ii) a. The Present form is tlie basis of the Present Future Tense 

 (with frequent irregularities in the 3rd Person Singular however). 

 The terminations of this Tense are : 1st Person Singular am, 2nd 

 Person Singular (none), 3rd Person Singular d or t ; 1st Person 

 Plural an, 2nd Person Plural id or it, 3rd Person Plural in, 



[These terminations resemble, still closer than in Wakhi, (owing to the 

 difference between the 1st and 3rd person of the Plural) those of 

 the Present Future Tense of the Shina dialect of the Dardu Lan- 

 guage. E. g., I go or will go, &c, in Shina, is Singular 1. hog-TJM, 

 2. hoge, 3. hog eg ; Plural 1. hog-ox, 2. %-et, 3. hog-mi. See 

 Leitner's Dardistan, Vol. I., p. 32.]* 



b. The Present Indicative gives rise to the Present Conditional by 

 adding an 6 to all the persons. 



Ex. zoz-amo " if I should take" or " if I were to take." 



(iii) a. The Past form is the basis of the Past Tense, which is eon. 

 jugated with the separable pronominal terminations given above at 

 the end of the section on " Pronouns." 



b. From it is formed (in many verbs) the Perfect Participle, by affix- 



ing the letter j. 



Ex. Past Form : zuhlt ; Perfect Participle : zuhhtj "taken." 



(iv.) From the Perfect Participle (whether formed in this way or 



possessing an independent form) are derived : 

 a. A verbal Adjective, by the affixing of enj or genj ; 

 Ex. zukhtj-enj " having taken" or " which has taken." 

 h. The Perfect Tense, by the use of the separable pronominal termi- 

 nations mentioned above : 

 Ex. zuTclitj-am " I have taken." 



c. The Perfect Conditional, by adding the several Persons of the 



Auxiliary Present Conditional vao-am, &c, " I may be, &c." 

 Ex. zuTclitj vao-am, " I may have taken." (lit. " I may be having-taken.") 



d. From the Perfect Tense Indicative Mood, again, is formed the 



Pluperfect Indicative, by affixing the syllable it, and using the 

 separable terminations as before : 

 Ex. zuWitj-it am " I had taken." 



* The German Present Indicative has also a curious resemblance to these : 



Ich mache I make. "Wir m&chen we make. 



Du machst thou makest. Ihr roach* ye make. 



Er mach* ...... he makes. Sie machew they make. 



