168 



E. B. Shaw— On the Ghalchah Languages. [No. 2 



SUNDEY EEMAEKS. 



1. The prefixes or prepositions, a and ar (vr), are never separated 

 from their noun by any adjective or other word. Thus we have : 



tu ar-tsem, lit. " thy to eyes", not ar-tu-tsem " to thine eyes." 

 Generally the other prepositions also immediately precede the nonn : 

 E. g. KM tar-tsem " to his own eye" (lit. " own to-eye") 



dinar pa-bon " at bottom of plane-tree" (lit. " plane-tree's at 

 bottom") 



ipa-garmd " in a cave" (lit. " one in-cave") 

 but we also have : 



.pa mi hash "at this side" (lit.) 

 It would seem that adjectives and adjectival pronouns are sometimes 

 allowed to be interposed between the prepositions (other than a and ar) and 

 the noun. 



2. There seems to be a Dative absolute in i : 



Ex. sandih mu'r-i {mu-ar-i) " (let the) box (be) for me or to me" 

 Jchurjin tttr-i (tu-ar-i) " (let the) bag (be) for thee or to 

 thee" 



or, as we should say, " the box to me, the bag to thee." 

 With a verb, the Dative would be : a-sandih mu'r dhd 

 " give the box to me." 



3. The separable verb-terminations or pronouns in both Wakhi and 

 Sarikoli, are sometimes used instead of the verb substantive, after the man- 

 ner of the Turki language (which, however, employs the ordinary pro- 

 nouns reduplicated). 



laur am wax " I (am) great." 



waz laur yostam do. 



man ulugh man do. 



dzul at too " thou (art) small" 



Mo dzul yostat do. 



san hichih san do. 



The example of the Turki (although belonging to another family of 

 languages) shows, I think, that we need not seek, in these separable termina- 

 tions, for the relics of some defunct verb substantive. In the present 

 examples, as in children's language, the verb substantive is simply omitted 

 altogether ; the apposition of the subject to the attribute being sufficient- 

 ly explicit. ^ A child says : " I good," « dog naughty." The Turk and the 

 Ghalchah, in their own several manners, do the same j only, for emphasis, 

 they contrive to insert the pronoun twice (as in French "jesuisbon, 

 moi"). 



Ex. (Sarikoli) 

 instead of 

 Compare (Turki) 

 (Sarikoli) 

 instead of 

 Compare (Turki) 



