Plate LXXIII. 



TURDUS CROTOPEZUS. 



(LICHTENSTEIN'S THRUSH). 



Turdus crotopezus 



Tardus albicollis 



Licht. Doubl. p. 38 (1823). 



Max. Beitr. iii. p. 64<6 (1831). 



Cab. Mus. Hein. I. p. 4. 



Sclater, P.Z.S. 1859, p. 327, et Cat. Am. B. p. 



Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 71, t. 70. 



Olivaceo-brunneus, pileo obscuriore, cauda cineraceo-nigricante : subtus pallide cinereus, gula dense nigro striata ; 

 plaga subgutturali et ventre medio cum crisso pure albis, lateribus fulvescentibus ; subalaribus pallide cinnamomeis : 

 rostri maxilla cornea, mandibula flava : pedibus pallide carneis : long, tota 8*5, alee 4.4, cauda? 33, tarsi 1'2. Fern. 

 mari similis sed coloribus paulo obscurioribus. 



Hah. in Brasil merid. orient, prov. Bahiensi. 



This Thrush has been frequently confounded with Turdus leucomelas figured in our last 

 plate, from which, however, it is readily distinguishable by the brownish olive back, and the 

 pure white neck-spot and belly. But it is a much more difficult task to differentiate it from 

 some forms of its variable northern representative Turdus tristis, under which denomination we 

 propose to unite the birds hitherto called Turdus assimilis* and T. leucauchen, as well as the 

 Merula tristis, of Swainson. As a general rule, as Dr. Cabanis remarks, the Brazilian species 

 may be distinguished by the deep olive-brown tinge of the upper surface, but in two skins of 

 Turdus tristis, obtained in the highlands of Guatemala near Duenas, nearly the same colour is 

 exhibited on the back, though these birds are easily distinguishable from their southern ally 

 by the darker colouring of the chest and flanks. 



Turdus crotopezus was first shortly described by Lichtenstein, in his " list of duplicates of 

 the Berlin Museum," published in 1823. Through Dr. Peters' kindness in lending us the type- 

 specimen, we have been able to ascertain positively that the Bahian bird characterized by 

 that author as the male of his T. crotopezus (No. 436) is of the same species as the specimen 

 now figured, although Azara's u Grive hlanclie et noirrdtre" (i.e. T leucomelas) is referred to 

 as being identical with it. Lichtenstein's " T. crotopezus fern." (No. 437 ; ) may probably be the 

 true T leucomelas. 



* It seems certain that this is the only Mexican species to which Swainson's short description (Phil. Mag. 1827, 

 p. 369,) is applicable. Dr. Cabanis' Turdus tristis, Mus. Hein. I. p. 4, the type-specimen of which Dr. Peters has 

 lately sent to us for comparison, is, in our opinion, merely a somewhat lighter-coloured example of the bird described 

 by Dr. Cabanis in the same work as Turdus assimilis. This, as we learn from a MS. note on the label, is now also 

 Dr. Cabanis' view. 



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