20 THE CEINOIDEA CAMERATA OF NOETH AMERICA. 



group. Among the pioneer collectors must be mentioned also Mr. Anthony, 

 U. P. James, and C. B. Dyer, of Cincinnati ; I. H. Harris, of Waynesville ; 

 J. Kelly O'Neall, of Lebanon, Ohio; Thomas A. Greene, of Milwaukee; 

 W. C. Egan, of Chicago, — who all made large local collections which have 

 furnished many type specimens. 



Within the last ten years three most remarkable finds were made in the 

 West: — the first at Le Grand, near Marshalltown, Iowa, in the Kinderhook 

 group; the second on Indian Creek, ten miles from Crawfordsville, Indiana, 

 in the Keokuk group ; and the other in the Upper Coal-measures at Kansas 

 City. The Le Grand bed furnished about twenty-three new species, not 

 counting the Blastoids. Of the latter, two species of Orophocriniis are repre- 

 sented, and in quite a number of their specimens the stem and pinnules are 

 preserved. Most of the Crinoids have arms and stems, and some of them 

 roots. The crinoidal layer, which is but an inch or two thick, furnished 

 many excellent slabs. We have one in our cabinet about a yard in diam- 

 eter, on which ninety-five specimens are exposed, both sides of it being 

 thickly studded. 



The Indian Creek locality was discovered by the late Charles S. Beachler 

 while collecting for us. It proved to be a local deposit in the bed of the 

 creek, not over twenty feet in diameter, and covered over a foot deep by 

 water. Too much credit cannot be given to Mr. Beachler, who obtained 

 under the most trying circumstances several thousand specimens, repre- 

 sented by nearly forty species. The specimens in places were so plentiful 

 that more than half of them had to be sacrificed to save the others. The 

 preservation is excellent, and in some respects surpasses that of any other 

 locality. 



The bed at Kansas City is in the heart of the city. It was discovered hy 

 Sidney J. Hare in the excavation for a large building. Only seven species of 

 Crinoids were found, but they are of exquisite beauty, and being embedded 

 in a soft clay, are of most excellent preservation. Good collections were 

 made here by David H. Todd, Sidney J. Hare, S. A. Howe, and E. Butts. 



Almost as fast as new discoveries were made the species were described, 

 and in 1865 the number of American Crinoids had increased to six hundred 

 species. In 1858 appeared the Iowa Eeport, Vol. I., by James Hall, in 

 which he described over ninety species of Crinoids, not counting the Blas- 

 toids, and in the following year, in a Supplement to that Report, seventy- 

 four additional ones. In 1861 Hall issued a paper entitled " Description of 



