Mosquitoes and Disease. 3 



formed in bamboos by boring insects where water collects, and 

 live in these small dark cavities. 



Again, the Dendromyia smithii, Coquillett, is found in North 

 America to live in the water of Pitcher plants, the eggs being 

 laid in the undeveloped leaves. The larvae may be frozen up in 

 the waters collected in the " pitchers " and yet develop. 



SPECIES OF MOSQUITOES THAT ARE PROVED OR 

 PROBABLE DISEASE CARRIERS. 



The diseases carried by Culicidae are now known to be 

 malaria, yellow fever, filar iasis, and dengue. 



At present only particular species are known to carry these 

 diseases, but that we are only on the threshold of this subject 

 we may gather from the fact that Myzomyia rossii is said not to 

 be an active distributor in India, while Mr. Ernest Green says 

 he is almost sure it is accountable for some of the outbreaks in 

 Ceylon. 



At present the following Anophelines are known to be agents 

 of infection : Anopheles maculipennis, Meigen ; Anopheles bifur- 

 catus, Linnaeus ; Myzomyia listoni, Liston ; Myzomyia culicifacies, 

 Giles ; Myzomyia funesta, Giles ; Myzomyia superpicta, Grassi ; 

 Myzorhynchus paludis, Theobald ; Myzorhynchus barbirostris, Van 

 der Wulp ; Myzorhynchus pseudopictus, Grassi ; Pyretophorus 

 costalis, Loew ; Nyssorhynchus lutzi, Theobald ; Gellia argyrotarsis, 

 Robineau-Desvoidy ; Gellia albimanus, Wiedemann ; Myzorhynchus 

 sinensis, Wiedemann ; Myzorhynchus coustani, Laveran ; Nysso- 

 rhynchus theobaldi, Giles. 



It has been also proved that the malarial parasites can 

 develop in Myzomyia turkhudi, Liston. 



It can probably be carried by Pyretophorus ardensis, Theobald, 

 and Pyretophorus pitchfordi, Power. 



The species which are doubtful are A. martini, A. pursati, 

 A. vincenti of Laveran. Whatever they are, malarial parasites 

 develop within them. 



Yellow fever is solely carried by Stegomyia fasciata, Fabricius. 



Filariasis by Culex fatigans, Wiedemann ; Pyretophorus 

 costalis, Loew : Myzomyia rossii, Giles ; Myzorhynchus nigerrimus, 

 Giles \ Myzorhynchus minutus, Theobald ; Mansonia uniformis, 

 Theobald ; M. pseudotitillans, Theobald ; and Cellia albimanus, 

 Wiedemann. 



The larval filariae can live for a time at any rate in the 



b 2 



