THE BLACK-VEINED WHITE. 33 



chrysalis state. The butterflies are on the wing at the end 

 of June and in July. 



The chrysalis is creamy white, sometimes tinged with greenish, 

 and dotted with black. 



This butterfly was mentioned as English by Merret in i667 ? 

 and by Ray in 17 10. Albin in 173 J, who wrote of it as the 

 White Butterfly with black veins, figures the caterpillar and the 

 chrysalis, and states that caterpillars found by him in April 

 turned to chrysalids early in May and to butterflies in June. 

 Moses Harris in 1775 gave a more extended account of the 

 butterfly's life-history, and what he then wrote seems to tally 

 almost exactly with what is known of its habits to-day. This 

 species has seemingly always been somewhat uncertain in its 

 appearance in England. Authors from Ha worth (1803) to 

 Stephens (1827) mention Chelsea, Coombe Wood in Surrey, 

 and Muswell Hill in Middlesex, among other localities for the 

 butterfly. It has also been recorded at one time or another, 

 between 1844 and 1872, from many of the Midland and Southern 

 counties. In 1867 it was found in large numbers, about mid- 

 summer, in hay fields in Monmouthshire. The latest informa- 

 tion concerning the appearance of the species in South Wales 

 relates to the year 1893, when several caterpillars and four 

 butterflies were noted on May 22 in the Newport district. 

 At one time it was not uncommon in the New Forest, but no 

 captures of the butterfly in Hampshire have been recorded 

 during the last quarter of a century. At the present time it is 

 probably most regularly obtained in a Kentish locality, pre- 

 sumably in the Isle of Thanet, which is only known to a few 

 collectors. It may be mentioned that some thirty years ago 

 caterpillars of the Black- veined White could be obtained from 

 a Canterbury dealer at a few shillings per gross. 



The species is widely distributed, and often abundant, on the 

 Continent, and its range extends through Western and Northern 

 Asia to Yesso, Northern Japan. 



