THE BUTTERFLY. 7 



chrysalids are furnished with hooks on the tail as well as with 

 a girdle for suspension ; but others have hooks only. 



As almost all the chrysalids here considered are figured in the 

 illustrations, it will be unnecessary to refer in detail to their 

 great diversity in form, but a few general remarks on the 

 structure of a chrysalis may be made. 



If the upper {dorsal) surface of a chrysalis is examined, the 

 thorax and the body divisions will easily be made out, while, 

 by looking at the sides and the under 

 {ventral) surface, the various organs, 

 such as the wings, legs, antennae, etc., 

 will be found neatly laid along each 

 side of the " tongue," or proboscis, 

 which latter extends down the centre. 

 All these are separately encased, but Fig. 5. 



by reason of the shell mentioned in the Enlarged view of cre- 

 remarks on the caterpillar, they appear master, and a hook 

 to be welded together. When, how- ^AfterS^rf^' 

 ever, the butterfly is ready to emerge, 



the shell of the chrysalis is split along the thorax and at the 

 lower edge of the wing-cases, and the insect is then able to 

 release itself from the pupal trappings. This breaking open of 

 the chrysalis shell is termed dehiscence {dehisco, " to split 

 open "), and the manner in which it is effected varies in different 

 species. The emergence of a butterfly from the chrysalis is 

 always an interesting operation to observe, and every one 

 should make a point of watching the process, so that he may 

 obtain practical knowledge of how the thing is done. A photo- 

 graph of it will be found in the description of the Wall Butterfly. 



The Butterfly. 



Having safely cleared itself free of the chrysalis shell, the 

 butterfly makes its way to some suitable twig, spray, or other 

 object, from which it can hang, sometimes in an inverted position, 



