THE ORANGE-TIP. 43 



in the following June. The figures of caterpillar and chrysalis 

 on Plate 12 are from Buckler's " Larvae." 



It has been suggested that specimens taken in July and 

 August are the offspring of immigrants that arrive here in May, 

 but there is no conclusive evidence of this. It has, however, 

 been proved that our climate is not suitable for the permanent 

 establishment of the species here. 



The earliest writers on English insects called this butterfly 

 " Vernon's Half Mourner," or " The Greenish Half Mourner." 

 It was first mentioned by Petiver, some two hundred years ago, 

 and about that time only two British specimens were known. 

 One of these was taken in Cambridgeshire, and one at Hamp- 

 stead. According to Lewin, who wrote about it in 1795, the 

 name " Bath White " was given to the butterfly " from a piece 

 of needlework executed at Bath by a young lady, from a specimen 

 of this insect, said to have been taken near that place." In 

 1796 Donovan only knew of the Bath specimen ; and in 1803 

 Haworth mentions a faded specimen taken in June at Gamlingay 

 in Cambridgeshire. 



The species is more or less common in many parts of Europe, 

 but it seems to be most at home and abundant in the south. 

 Its range extends to North Africa, Madeira, the Canary Isles, 

 and the temperate parts of Asia, including Northern China and 

 Corea. 



The Orange-tip (Euchloe cardamines). 



This butterfly (Plate 17), as its name suggests, has a large 

 patch of orange colour on the outer third of its white, or creamy 

 white, fore wings, and the extreme tip is blackish ; at least, this 

 is so in the male. The female is without the orange patch, and 

 this is replaced by a smaller one of blackish-grey. The lower 

 portion of this patch is broken up by the ground colour, and by 

 white spots on the outer margin and around the tips of the 



