THE ORANGE-TIP. 45 



caterpillar agrees so closely with the seed-pods of its food- 

 plant that its detection is not always easy. A peculiarity in 

 very young caterpillars of this species, and also those of some 

 of the "Whites," is, that the hairs are forked at the tips, and 

 bear globules of moisture thereon (see figure and remarks on 



P-3). 



The caterpillars feed in June and July on lady's smock or 

 cuckoo-flower {Cardamine ftratensis), charlock (Brassica sina- 

 ftistrum), hedge-mustard {Sisymbrium officinale), garlic mustard 

 (S. alliarid), rock-cress {Arabis\ horseradish (Cochlearia armo- 

 racia), dame's violet {Hesperis matronalis), watercress {Nas- 

 turtium officinale), etc. 



The chrysalis, as will be se:n from the figure (Plate 15), is 

 curiously elongated, and tapers towards each end ; the outline 

 of the back is curved, and the wing-cases bulge out into an 

 angle about the middle of the under side. The colour is pale 

 grey or whitey-brown, sometimes with a strong rosy tinge ; the 

 back is speckled with brownish, and has an olive-grey dorsal 

 line, and the veins of the wings are well defined. This stage 

 lasts, as a rule, from August of one year until May of the follow- 

 ing year. When the chrysalis is first formed, it is green, with 

 the wing-cases brighter, and this colour is sometimes retained. 

 It has been stated that the chrysalids assume the colour of their 

 immediate surroundings, and this may be so ; but all that I 

 have had under observation were of the colours described above, 

 although some were fastened to green stem, others to muslin, 

 and others, again, to glass. 



Towards the end of May and in June is the usual time for 

 this butterfly to be on the wing. It has, however, been noticed 

 as early as about the middle of April, and as late as the middle 

 of July, and rarely in August and September. The specimens, 

 seen in the last-mentioned months, may have represented a 

 second brood, and, if so, a very unusual event. Possibly, how- 

 ever, they may have been specimens whose emergence had for 



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