THE PALE CLOUDED YELLOW. 49 



pale, but less transparent than the top. It has a number of 

 transverse ribs, ranging from nineteen to twenty-two. Before 

 the caterpillar hatches out, the egg changes to a purplish leaden 

 colour. 



The caterpillar in October, before hibernation, is about a 

 quarter of an inch long, and deep clover-green in colour ; it has 

 a number of pale, shining warts along the back, from each of 

 which there is a moderately long black bristle, and there is 

 a pale yellowish-white stripe above the black spiracles. The 

 head is pale ochreous green, with warts and bristles as on the 

 body. It rests upon a pad of silk spun on the centre of a 

 leaflet. When full grown the colour is clear light green, but 

 has a darkish velvety appearance, due to the entire surface 

 being densely sprinkled with black warts, the bristles from the 

 warts on the back are black, and those on the lower surface are 

 white, the line above the spiracles, which are white outlined with 

 black, is made up of lemon-yellow, orange-vermilion, and 

 orange with an upper border of white. The head, claspers, and 

 legs are green. It feeds in June, and again in August, on clover, 

 trefoil, etc. The figure on Plate 20 is after Hiibner. 



The chrysalis is very similar to that of the Clouded Yellow, 

 the chief differences are that the head-beak of the present 

 species is straight instead of being slightly upturned, and the 

 tip of the wing-case extends further down the body. 

 - The above particulars of the early stages of the Pale Clouded 

 Yellow are adapted from Mr. Frohawk's account of the life- 

 history of the species {Entomologist, 1892 and 1893). 



From eggs laid in September by a captured female, Mr. 

 Williams reared two butterflies in November of the same year. 

 Other caterpillars from the same batch of eggs hibernated and 

 recommenced feeding in the spring, but failed to attain the 

 chrysalis state. Young caterpillars from eggs obtained in 

 August were successfully hibernated by Mr. Carpenter, and 

 many of these produced butterflies in the following May. 



