THE SPECKLED WOOD. 121 



wrinkled, the rings being subdivided, and the whole of the 

 body is clothed with fine whitish hair and a few dark hairs 

 arising from warts ; the anal points are whitish and also hairy. 

 It feeds on various grasses, among which are Triticum reft ens 

 and Dactylis glomerata. 



The chrysalis is pale green, tinged with yellowish or whitish ; 

 the edges of the wing covers are brown, and there are whitish 

 dots on the body. According to Hellins the colour varies, 

 and green chrysalids may be covered all over with very fine 

 smoky freckles. Barrett states that they are occasionally 

 brownish with darker brown lines. Suspended by the 

 cremaster from a silken pad. 



From eggs laid in early May butterflies were reared at the 

 end of June ; and from eggs laid at the end of June butterflies 

 resulted during middle August. Early July eggs produced 

 perfect insects in early September, and from caterpillars fed 

 up in October butterflies were obtained in November. These 

 observations were not all made in the same year. 



Barrett writes, " In the south of Surrey in 1862, the first emer- 

 gence took place in April in abundance, these specimens became 

 worn and disappeared, and a second emergence took place at 

 the end of May, a third at the end of July, and a fourth in Sep- 

 tember ; the next year the first emergence was in the third week 

 in March, and again four broods were observed, but this is not 

 the case every year, three emergences being probably the rule." 



Mr. Joy has recorded that of caterpillars, resulting from a 

 pairing induced in captivity, in August, eighty per cent, 

 hibernated as pupae, twenty per cent, as half-fed caterpillars. 

 Butterflies from the winter pupae emerged in May, but the 

 caterpillars that had gone through the winter in that state did not 

 produce butterflies until June. Possibly something of this sort 

 occurs in the open, and we may suppose that the early and late 

 spring butterflies are not separate broods, but early and late 

 emergences of one brood. Butterflies seen on the wing in 



