148 THE BUTTERFLIES OF THE BRITISH ISLES. 



furze (G. anglicd), broom {Cytisus scoparius), dwarf furze (Ulex 

 nanus), whortleberry {Vaccinium myrtillus)\ also the berries 

 of buckthorn {Rhamnus), making holes through which the 

 contents of the berry is extracted ; buds of bramble {Rubns), 

 and of dogwood (Cornus sanguined), are also attacked in a 

 similar way. 



The chrysalis is clothed with tiny hairs, and when freshly 

 formed is green in colour, but becomes purplish-brown after 

 a time. It appears to be unattached to anything. I think, 

 however, that there are generally a few strands of silk around 

 or about it, but these are so easily broken when the chrysalids 

 are removed that they escape observation. May and June are 

 the months for the butterfly, which occurs in various kinds of 

 situations, such as the outskirts of woods, high hedgerows, hill 

 slopes, and boggy heaths. I once saw it in abundance about 

 the entrance from Lynton to the Valley of Rocks. Its resem- 

 blance on the under side to the leaves on which it perches is 

 as baffling to the collector as is the resting habit of the Gray- 

 ling butterfly previously referred to. It seems to be pretty 

 generally distributed throughout the kingdom, but is rather 

 more local in Ireland than elsewhere, and it has not yet been 

 recorded from the Orkney or Shetland Isles. Its range extends 

 throughout the Palaearctic Region. 



The Large Copper (ChrysophaJitis dispar). 



The brilliant butterfly, figured on Plate 99, is of a coppery 

 orange colour. In the male the fore wings have two black dots 

 in the discal cell, the outer one linear, and the outer margin is 

 narrowly blackish ; the hind wings have a linear black mark in 

 the cell, and the outer margin is narrowly edged with blackish 

 and dotted with black. The female is more conspicuously 

 marked with black ; there are two, sometimes three, spots in 

 the cell of the fore wings, and a transverse series of seven 



