280 



THE STUDY OF INSECTS. 



has snow-white wings marked with zigzag lines and with 

 dots of black as shown in Fig. 330. The head is ochreous- 

 yellow in front ; and the thorax is yellowish at the base of 

 the patagia. The moth flies during September and October. 

 The larva feeds on various shrubs and trees. The pupa 

 state is passed in a slight but well-formed web of yellow 

 threads, which is formed between twigs or leaves, and 

 through which the pupa can be seen. 



The Evergreen Cleora, Cleora semiclusaria (Cle'o-ra 

 sem-i-clu-sa'ri-a). — This beautiful moth (Fig. 331) is common 



in the vicinity of pines, spruce, 

 fir, and hemlock during August 

 and September. It varies from 

 a smoky-ash color to almost 

 snow - white ; the wings are 

 marked with black. The larva 

 feeds on the leaves of Conifers. 

 It is reddish yellow above, with 

 lateral yellow bands below, while 

 on each side are two pairs of black hair-lines. There are 

 black spots above on the segments. When full grown it is 

 a little more than an inch long and spins a loose cocoon 

 among the leaves. The chrysalid is green with white 

 stripes and is very pretty. 



The Pepper-and-salt Currant- moth, Biston cognataria 

 (Bis'ton cog-na-ta'ri-a). — This 

 moth (Fig. 332) differs remark- 

 ably in appearance from most 

 Geometrids, the body being 

 stouter, and the wings appearing 

 heavier. It can be easily recog- 

 nized by its evenly distributed 

 pepper-and-salt markings. The 

 larva feeds on various plants, but is found most often on 

 currant. 



The Lime-tree Winter-moth, Erannis tiliaria (E-ran'nis 



Fig. 331. — Cleora semiclusaria. 



Fig. 332. — Biston cognataria. 



