LEPIDOP TERA. 369 



fastened together. The pupae are rounded, not angular, 

 resembling those of moths more than those of butterflies. 

 The pupa state is passed in a slight cocoon, which is gen- 

 erally composed of leaves fastened together with silk, and 

 thinly lined with the same substance. 



The family Hesperiidae includes three subfamilies ; but 

 only two of them are represented in this country, the third 

 being confined to South and Central America. Our forms 

 can be separated as follows : — 



A. Vein V 3 of the fore wings arising nearer to vein Vi than to vein 



V 3 . p. 369 HESPERIIM'iE. 



AA. Vein V 2 of the fore wings arising midway between veins Vi and 



V 3 or nearer to vein V 3 than to vein Vi. 



B. Vein V 2 of the fore wings arising nearly midway between veins 



V, and V 3 . 



C. Discal cell of fore wings more than two thirds as long as the 



costa. Males usually with costal fold in fore wings, p. 369. 



HESPERIIN/E. 



CC. Discal cell of fore wings less than two thirds as long as the 

 costa. Males usually with a discal patch on fore wings. 



p. 372 PAMPHILINiE. 



BB. Vein V 2 of the fore wings arising much nearer to vein V 3 than 

 to vein Vi. p. 372 Pamphilin^e. 



Subfamily HESPERIIN^: (Hes-pe-ri-i'nae). 



Skippers with a Costal Fold. 



This subfamily includes the larger of the Common 

 Skippers, as well as some that are of moderate size. Most 

 of the species are dark brown, marked with white or trans- 

 lucent, angular spots. The antennae usually have a long 

 club, which is bent at a considerable dis- 

 tance from the tip (Fig. 451). But the 

 most distinctive feature of the sub- 

 family is exhibited by the males alone, 

 and is lacking in some species. It 

 consists of a fold in the fore wing near FlG - 4&-—Thanaos martiaiis. 

 the costal margin, which forms a long slit-like pocket, con- 



