3^2 THE STUDY OF INSECTS. 



Our genera of this family can be separated into three 

 groups, which seem hardly distinct enough to be ranked as 



Fig. 461. — Pieris rapce, larvae and pupa. 



subfamilies. These are the Whites, the Yellows, and the 

 Orange-tips. 



I. The Whites. — The more common representatives of 

 this group are the well-known Cabbage-butterflies. They 

 are white butterflies more or less marked with black. Occa- 

 sionally the white is tinged with yellow ; and sometimes yel- 

 low varieties of our white 

 species occur. About a 

 dozen North American 

 species of this group are 

 known. 



The Cabbage-butterfly, 

 Pieris rapce (Pi'e-ris ra'pae). 

 — The wings of this butter 

 fly are dull white above, 

 occasionally tinged with 



Fig. 462. — Pieris raf>ce'. J 11 • 



yellowish, especially in the 

 female ; below, the apex of the fore wings and the entire 



