41 8 THE STUDY OF INSECTS. 



The Soldier-flies, Family Stratiomyiid^e. p. 455. 

 The Snipe-flies (in part), Family Leptid^e. p. 456. 

 The True Brachycera. The antennae are usually three-jointed, 

 but sometimes four- or five-jointed ; the third segment is not 

 ringed, but usually bears a style or bristle.* The body is 

 usually furnished with strong bristles. 



True Brachycera with the 'empodia pulvilliform. Flies in which 

 there are three membranous lobes beneath the tarsal claws 

 (Fig. 495).t 



The Snipe-flies (in part), Family Leptid^e. p. 456. 

 The Small-headed Flies, Family Acrocerid^e. p. 458. 

 The Tangle - veined Flies, Family Nemistrinid^e, p. 459. 

 True Brachycera with the empodia not pulvilliform. Flies in 

 which there are only two membranous pads beneath the 

 tarsal claws (Fig. 494). 

 Vein III of the wings four-branched. 

 The Robber-flies, Family AsiLiDiE. p. 460. 

 The Midas-flies, Family Midaid^e. p. 461. 

 The Apiocerids, Family Apiocerid^e. p. 462. 

 The Bee-flies, Family Bombylid^e. p. 463. 

 The Stiletto-flies, Family Therevid^e. p. 464. 

 The Window-flies, Family Scenopinid^e. p. 465. 

 The Dance-flies (in part), Family Empidid^e. p. 466. 

 Vein III of the wings three-branched. 

 The Dance-flies (in part), Family Empidid^e. p. 466. 

 The Long-legged Flies, Family DolichopodiDjE. p. 467. 

 The Spear-winged Flies, Family LONCHOPTERlDiE. p. 469.. 

 The Circular-Seamed Flies. — Flies in which the pupa escapes- 

 from the larval skin through a circular orifice made by push- 

 ing off the head end of it (Fig. 486). Adults with a 

 frontal lunule. Suborder Cyclorrhapha (Cy-clor'rha- 

 pha). 



Cyclorrhapha without a frontal suture (Aschiza). 

 The Syrphus-flies, Family SYRPHlDyE. p. 470. 

 The Big-eyed Flies, Family Pipunculid^e. p. 473. 

 Fig. 486. -j-ne Flat-footed Flies, Family Platypezid^e. p. 474. 



The Humpbacked flies, Family PHORiDiE. p. 475. 



* A similar type of antenna is possessed by the Cyclorrhapha, which 

 were formerly on this account included in the Brachycera ; but this term is 

 now restricted to the Short-horned Orthorrhapha. 



f The empodia are pulvilliform in the Anomalous Brachycera also ; but 

 that'group is easily distinguished by the form of the antennae. 



