448 



THE STUDY OF INSECTS. 



them. The transformations are undergone within the lump 

 of resin. After the gnats emerge the empty pupa-skins pro- 

 ject from the lump of resin as shown at the right in Figure 

 526. In this figure the gnat, a single wing, and a part of 

 the antenna of each sex are represented, all greatly enlarged. 



Family RHYPHID.E (Rhyph'i-dae). 

 The False Crane-flies. 



The false crane-flies are so called because they resemble 

 the Tipulidas somewhat in the venation of the wings, the 



nii in. 



"I4.+5 



Fig. 527.— Wing of Rhyphus. 



three branches of vein V being preserved, and cell V 2 being 



— divided by a cross-vein (Fig. 527). They lack, 



however, the V-shaped suture on the thorax 



that is characteristic of crane-flies ; and differ, 



also, in having ocelli, and in the structure of the 



antennae (Fig. 528). The wings are wider than 



is usual with crane-flies, and the branches of 



Fig. 528. ve i n in separate nearer the base of the wing 



than in that family. 



The adults are mosquito-like insects with spotted wings, 

 which often enter houses, where they are found on windows. 

 We have also observed them in considerable numbers just 

 at nightfall, feeding on sugar which had been placed on 



