602 THE STUDY OF INSECTS. 



The Thread-waisted Wasps, Family Sphecid^e. p. 650. 



The Ampulicids, Family Ampulicid^e. p. 647. 



The Larrids, Family Larrid^e. p. 652. 



The Bembecids, Family Bembecid^e. p. 652. 



The Nyssonids, Family NYSSONiDiE. p. 654. 



The Philanthids, Family Philanthid^. p. 654. 



The Mimesids, Family Mimesid^e. p. 655. 



The Mellinids, Family Mellinidte. p. 647. 



The Pemphredonids, Family Pemphredonid^e. p. 655. 



The Crabronids, Family Crabronid^e. p. 656. 

 The True Wasps, Superfamily Vespina. p. 657. 



Tlie Guest Wasps, Family Masarid^e. p. 657. 



The Solitary Wasps, Family Eumenid^e. p. 658. 



The Social Wasps, Family Vespid^E. p. 660. 

 The Bees, Superfamily Apina. p. 664. 



The Short-tongued Bees, Family Andrenid^e. p. 665. 



The Long-tongued Bees, Family Apid^e. p. 666. 



Classification of the Hymenoptera. 



(For Advanced Students.) 



Nearly all of the technical terms used in the descriptions of 

 Hymenoptera in this work have been defined already. For a general 

 account of the external parts of these insects see pp. 56-66 ; for a 

 more detailed description of the external anatomy of an insect, see 

 the discussion of the external anatomy of beetles, pp. 499. 



After a student has learned to recognize the sclerites in the body 

 wall of a beetle, he will have but little trouble in determining the 

 parts of a hymenopterous insect. The following points, however, 

 should be carefully noted : — 



The Propodeum.—K remarkable peculiarity of Hymenoptera is 

 that the first abdominal segment is united with the thorax in such a 

 way as to appear to be a part of it ; and what appears to be the first 

 abdominal segment, and is always called so, is really the sec- 

 ond. The true first abdominal segment is called the ftroftodeum 

 (pro-po'-de-u m) . 



The TegulcE.— There is on each side of the second thoracic seg- 

 ment a cup-like scale over the base of the fore-wing (Fig. 732, 5); 

 this is the parapteron (see p. 502). The paraptera of the meso- 

 thorax of Hymenoptera are termed the tegulce (teg'u-lae) ; they cor- 

 respond to the patagia of Lepidoptera and to the elytra of 

 Coleoptera. 





