A A R 



runs through it. This city is Lutheran. It was formerly 

 under the dominion of the kings of Bohemia, and fold 

 to Ebhcrhard, Count of Wirtemberg. The Emperor 

 Charles IV. recovered it, and reilored it to tlic empire in 

 1360. This, and fimilar cities that are almoil in a ruined 

 Rate, preferve their franchiles and immunities with care. 

 E. long. 9° 36'. N. lat. 48-^ 48'. 



AALST, or Aelst, Everard, \n Biography, a painter, was 

 born at Delft in i6o2 and died in 1658. He excelled in 

 fruit pieces, dead game, and armory. His nephew, named 

 William, fui-paffed his uncle. He was born in 1620 and 

 died in 1679. His piftures are chiefly known in Holland. 



Aalst, or Alest, in Geography, the capital of a county 

 of the fame name in the dillrift of Ghent and circle of 

 Burgundy, and lying between the rivers Schelde and Dender. 

 This city hes on the latter of thefe rivers. E. long. 3° 54'. 

 N. lat. 50° 58'. 



AAJM, or Haam, is a liquid meafure generally ufed by 

 the Dutch ; it contains 128 mingles, each mingle weighing 

 about 36 ounces avoirdupois ; and eonlequently the ylam is 

 equal to 1485 pints of Paris, or to 288 pints of Englilh 

 meafure ; the Paris pint weighing 3 1 ounces, and that of 

 England 1 6 ounces. 



AAMA, in Geography, a province of Barbary in Africa, 

 about 1 5 da)-s' journey from Tunis. 



AANSIRE, a fmall illand 0.1 the coaft of Noi-way, 

 oppofite to Aag-Holm. 



AAR, or Aren, in Hydrography, a large river of Swit- 

 zerland, which has its fource in Mount Grimfel in the fouth 

 of the canton of Bern, and purfuing a circuitous courfe 

 towards the north-weil, palfes through the lakes of Brientz 

 and Thun to Bern, and afterwards changing its direction 

 towards the north-eaft, flows to Solothurn and Brugg, and 

 being joined by the Reufs and Limmatt, difcharges itfelf 

 into the Rhine near \Valdfliut. There is another fmaller 

 river of the fame name in Weftphaha. 



A AR, in Geography, the name of a iinall ifland in the Baltic. 



AARASSUS, in Andent Geography, a town of Pilidia 

 in Afia, which fome have fuppbfed to be the Anafl"us of 

 Ptolemy. Strabo, Geog. torn. ii. p. 855. 



A A RAW, in Geography, a town and bailiwick in 

 the canton of Bern in Switzerland. E. long. 7*^ 10'. 

 N. lat. 40° 2'. 



AARDENBORG, a fmall town in Flanders fituated on 

 a canal which communicates with the Zwin. It was once a 

 fortrefs; but its works were totally razed in 1700. E. long. 

 3° 14'. N. lat. 51° if. 



AARHUUS, the capital of a diocefe of the fame name 

 in North Jutland, extending from that of Wiburg along the 

 Cattegat, about 15 miles in length and 8 or 9 in breadth. 

 This diocefe is extremely fertile, and diverfified with woods, 

 bays, and lakes abojnding with fifli. It is watered by 

 feveral rivers, the chief of which is the Guden. The town 

 lies in a fine plain between the fea and a lake, from which a 

 ftream of water pafles through it. It is large and populous, 

 lias 6 gates, 2 principal cliurches, 2 market places, an uni- 

 verfity, a free fchool, and a well endowed hofpital. It car- 

 ries on a good trade. The number of inhabitants in this 

 diocefe is eftimated at 117,942. E. long. 10°. N. lat. 

 56° 6'. 



AARON, in Scripture Hi/lory, the fon of Amram and 

 Jochebed, and the grandfon of Levi, was born A. M. 2430, 

 before the ChrilHan aera 1574. He was three years older 

 than his brother Mofes, and appointed to aid him under the 

 charafter of his advocate and interpreter, as well as prophet, 

 in his intercpurfc with Pharaoh, and in the refcue of the 

 Ifraelites from their bondage in Egypt. With this view 



AAR 



they both went together into Egypt ; and after many 

 attempts to overcome the oppofition of the Egyptians, and 

 the obftinacy of Pharaoh, they accompliflied their objeft 

 A.M. 2513, ante A. D. 1491. After the Exodus of 

 Ifracl, and during their peregrination in the Wildernefs, 

 Aaron and his fons cxercifed the office of priells by a divine 

 appointment; and as foon as the tabkrnacle was built, 

 Aaron was confecratcd by Mofes with the holy oil, and 

 invefted with the pontifical ornaments. When Mofes went 

 up to the Mount to receive the law, Aaron, accompanied by 

 the 70 elders, followed him ; but during his continuance 

 for 40 days on the Mount, the people became impatient 

 and tumultuous, and Aaron, yielding to their folicitations, 

 melted down their pendants, and the ear-rings of their 

 wives and children, and formed tYm golden Calf, to which 

 they paid homage. He afterwards humbled himfelf for this 

 offence, obtained forgivenefs, and was continued in the 

 priefthood. In a fubfequent period, viz. A.M. 2 J 15. 

 Koi-ah aipired to the prleiUy oflice, and Dathan ar.d Abiraia 

 claimed a (hare with Mofes in the fovereign authority ; for 

 which aft of rebeUion, as their hiilory informs us, they were 

 fignally punifhcd. Aaron was afterwards confirmed in the 

 prieilhood by the miracle of the almond-rod, which 

 bloflbmed, and which was depofited in the moft holy place, 

 in order to pei-petuate his title, and the remembrance of 

 this prodigy. He married Ehflieba, the daughter of Am- 

 minadab of the tribe of Judah, by whom he had four fons ; 

 two of whom were dcftroyed by tire, and from the other 

 two the race of the high priefts of the Jews was continued 

 from Aaron in regular fuccelTion. When tlie period of 

 Aaron's fervice was completed, he afcended Mount Hor 

 near the encampment of the Ilraelites at Molera, difrobed 

 himfelf of the pontifical ornaments in the view of tlie 

 people, and put them, upon Eleazar his eldeil fon, and his 

 fuccefl'or in the high prieilhood. He then died in the anns 

 of Mofes and his fon, at the age of 123 years, in the 

 40th year after the Exodus ; and they buried him in a cave 

 of this mountain : but the place of his interment was con- 

 cealed, probably under an apprehenfion that in future ages 

 he might become an objeft of fuperftltious worfhip. For a 

 farther account of Aaron the reader is referred to Exodus, 

 Leviticus, and the book of Num.bers to the 24th verfe 

 of the xxth chapter ; and for an abftraft, with remarks on 

 feveral circumilances pertaining to his ftation, charafter, 

 and office, to Calmet's Diftiona-y of the Bible. 



Aaron, in Church Iliflory, a Britiih martyr, who fufTered 

 a cruel death, together with Julius, under the perfecution of 

 Dioclefian, in the year 303. It does not appear what were 

 the Britiih names of thefe two martyrs ; as the Chriftian 

 Britons took new names from the Latin, Greek, or Heb- 

 rew, at the time of their baptifm. They were buried at 

 Caerleon, and each of them had a church dedicated to his 

 memory in that city. In the Roman msrtyrologv' their feaft 

 was fixed on ihejiijl of July. Biog. Brit. 



Aaron, a prefbyter and phyfician of Alexandria, author 

 of 30 books in the Syriac tongue, containing the whole 

 practice of phyfic, called the Pandefts, chiefly colleftcd 

 from the Greek writings, and fuppofed to be written before 

 620. They were tranflated into Arabic by a Syrian Jew 

 phyfician about A. D. 683. He is the firft author that 

 mentions, and that has clearly defcribed, the fmall-pox and 

 meafies, which probably firft appeared at Alexandria in 

 Egypt A. D. 640, and were brought thither by the Ara- 

 bians when they took that city. He direfted the vein under 

 the tongue to be opened in the cure of the jaundice, and ob- 

 ferved Uiat the foeces in that difcafe are of a white colour. 

 The above-mentioned work and its tranflations are lofl. ; and 

 *> B 2 we 



