A A T 



we hav« only fragments remaining, colkdled by Moliammed 

 Rhazis in his Coiitinens. 



Aakun, or Hari'm, ^l RnfcbU, in General Biography, 

 • cekbrali-J calijili of tlic Saracen empire. Sec Bagdad. 



Aaron Aitrtjcb-jn, a learned R.ibbi and Caraite in the 

 thirteenth century, who wrote an Hebrew grammar, printed 

 »t Conllantinople in 1581. He was prob:ibly the f;imo with 

 yiaron, wlio wrote a commentary on the Pentateuch, which 

 is in MS. in the French king's bbraiy, and tranflated by 

 D-iiiz in 1 7 10 J and MSS. annotations on the Old Tefta- 

 ment. There was another yiaron, diilinguiflied from the 

 former by the epithet Hachuron, i. e. pofterior, who was 

 born at Nicomtdia in 1 346. His writings arc efteemed 

 oracular by the Caraite Jews. The Garden of Eden, con- 

 taining thedotlrinis and culloms of his nation, is the principal. 



Aaron, a Levite of Barcelona, was the author of 613 

 precepts on Mofes in Hebrew, printed at Venice in 1523. 

 He died in 1292. 



Aarou, Ben chaim, was chief of the fynagogue of Fez 

 and Morocco in the beginning of the fcventeenth centuiy. 

 His commentary on the Prophets, iulitled the heart of 

 jliirsn, one on the Syphra, and another on the Law, were 

 printed at Venice in 1609, folio. 



Aaron, Ben afer, was a celebrated Rabbi, who is faid to 

 have invented the Hebrew points and accents towards the 

 ftfth centur)'. His Hebrew grammar was printed by Bom- 

 berg in 15 151 folio. 



Aaron', \n Geography. See »9/. Maloes. 



AARONSBURGH, in Geography, a town of America, 

 lying at the head of Penn's creek in the county of Northum- 

 berland, about 30 miles W. from Louifburgh, and 40 \V. 

 by N. from Sunbui-y. 



AARSENS, Francis, Lord of Someldyck and Spyck, 

 one of the greateft minifters for negotiation in the United 

 Provinces. He was fent by Barnevelt, who prelided over 

 tliefe provinces, as agent into France, and was the firft 

 perfon recognifed, in 1609, as Dutch ambaffadorby the French 

 court. He was the firft of three extraordinaiy ambafTadors 

 fent to England in 1620, and the fecond of thofe who were 

 deputed in 1641, to negotiate the marriage of Prince William, 

 fon to the Prince of Orange. After having been employed 

 in feveral other important mifiions, he died in an advanced 

 age, veiy rich, and left on record memoirs of all the em.balTies 

 in which he had been engaged. 



Aarsens, orAERTSEN, Pf/fr, denominated from his fta- 

 ture by the Italians PLtro Longo, a celebrated painter, was 

 born at Amfterdam in 1 5 1 9. He excelled in painting a kitchen 

 with its furniture, and his altar-pieces were particularly 

 admired. A famous piece of this kind was deftroyed in the 

 infurreftion of 1566; and becaufe he complained of this 

 outrage, he was in danger of being murdered by the popu- 

 lace. He died in 1575. 



AARTGEN, or Aertgen, a painter of eminence, who 

 was born at Leyden in 1498, and purfued his father's trade 

 of a woolcomber to the age of eighteen. He voluntarily 

 lived in meannefs and obfcurity ; and declined offers of ad- 

 vanccment, alleging that he found more fwcets in his 

 poverty than others did in their riches. He never worked 

 on Monday, chufing to devote that day, with his difciples, 

 to the bottle. It was his praAice to ftroll about the ftreets 

 in the night, playing on the German flute ; and in one of 

 thefe frolics he was drowned in 1564. 



AASAR, in Ancient Geography, c town of Paleftine, 

 fituated between Azotus and Alcalon, which in the time of 

 Jerome was a hamlet. 



AATTER, a diftria of the northern part of Arabia 

 FcLiij oa the Red Sea. 



ABA 



AAVORA, in Natural Hi/lory, the fruit of a fort of 

 large palm tree in the Well Indies, and in Africa. It is of 

 the fize of a hen's egg, and included, with feveral more, 

 in a large lliell. In the middle of the fruit there is a hard 

 nut, about the fize of a peach ftone, which contains a white 

 almond, very allringcnt and proper to check a diarrhoea. 



AB, in the Hcbreiu Chronology, the eleventh month of 

 the civil year, and the fifth of the ecclefiaftical year, which 

 begins with Nifan. This month anlwered to the moon of 

 July, comprehending part of July and of Augull, and con- 

 tained thirty days. 



The firft day of this month is obferved as a faft by the 

 Jews, in memory of Aaron's death ; and the ninth, in com- 

 memoration of the deftruftion of the temple by Nebuchad- 

 nezzar, in the year before Chriil 5-87. Jofephus obferves, 

 that the burning of the temple by Nebuchadnezzar, hap- 

 pened on the fame day of the year on which it was after- 

 wards burned by Titus. The fame day was remarkable for 

 Adrian's edift, which prohibited the Jews to continue in 

 Judxa, or to look towards Jerufalem and lament its defola- 

 tion. The eighteenth day is alfo kept as a faft, becaufe 

 the facred lamp was extinguifhed that night, in the reign 

 of Ahaz. On the twenty-firft, or according to Scaliger, 

 the 2 2d "day, was a feaft, called Xylophoria, from 

 their laying up the neceflary wood in the temple : and 

 on the twenty-fourth, a feaft in commemoration of the abo- 

 li'lbing of a law by the Afmoncans, or Maccabees, which 

 had been introduced by the Sadducees, and which enafted> 

 that both fons and daughters ihould alike inherit the eftates 

 of their parents. 



Ab, in the Syriac Calendar, is the name of the laft fum- 

 mer month. 



Ab, prefixed to the names of places, generally denotes 

 that they belong to fome abbey. 



ABA, or Abau, Hanifah. See Hanifah. 



Aba, Abas or Abus, in Ancient Geography, a rnoun^ 

 tain of Greater Armenia, fituated between the mountains 

 Niphates and Nibarus. According to Strabo, (Geog. 

 torn. ii. p. 799.) the Euphrates and Araxes flow from this 

 mountain ; the one towards the weft, and the other to the 

 eaft. Euftathius and Dionyiuis Periegetes, call this moun- 

 tain, which is part of Mount Taurus, Achos. 



Aba, or Ab^e, a city of Phocis in Greece, near Heli^ 

 con, famous for an oracle of Apollo, more ancient than 

 that at Delphi, and alfo for a rich temple, plundered and 

 burnt by the Perfians. Strabo's Geog. tom. i. p. 647, and 

 the authors there cited. 



ABACA, in Botany, a kind of flax or hemp, gathered 

 in fome of the Manillas or Phihppine Iflands. This plant 

 is fown every year ; being gathered, it is fteeped in water, 

 and beaten as hemp is. It is of two kinds, the white and' 

 the grey. The white ahaca is ufed for making very fine 

 linen ; but the grey is employed for nothing but cordage. 



Abaca, in Geography, one of the Philippine Hands in 

 Afia. 



ABACjENA, in Ancient Geography, a town of Media, 

 and another of Cana in the Hither Alia. 



ABAC^NUM, a town of Sicily, the ruins of which 

 are fuppofed to be near Trippi, a citadel on a fteep moun- 

 tain near Mefllna. Its inhabitants were called Abactnini. 

 Stephan. de Urbibus, tom. i. p. 2. 



Abaca Y, in Natural Hijlory, a name given by the 

 people of the Philippine Klands to a fpecics of parrot, called 

 alfo Calangay. 



ABACH, in Geography, a market town of Bavaria, 

 fituated on the Danube. It has an old caftle, in which 

 Henry II. is faid to have been bom, and is much £re» 



quented 



