A B E 



the heel, and tradinotus from the funic bone, where it join* 

 w:th tho <« invi'-t'.hn; ; iiid is infcrted tendinous into the 

 internal o- ira and not of the firtl joint of the 



j;r,-il toe. - to r;i!l the greit toe from the reft. 



This is the 7h:njr ol 



Anr'UCTOii meSi .. . arifes tendinous and flefliy 



f ide of the root ot the mt-tatnri"al bone of the middle 



I : ;i. J i-; infi^rtcdtcndiuouiiinto the infidc of the 



root . T the middle toe. Its ule is to pull 



the n 



A»T>vcTOK ifriit tfr;iii pcJi.', arifes tendinous and fle(hy 

 fr irn the infide and inferior part of the root of the mctatar- 

 f:;l '^onc of til ; third toe, and is infcrted tendinous into the 

 iiiiiJi.- of the root of the firft joii.t of the thii-d toe. Its ule 

 ii to pull the third toe inwards. 



The thijjh has alfo ftrong and remarkable flWu^ormufcles, 

 whicli are inlcrpofed between the dorfum of the ilium and 

 the trochanter of the femur ; the form and bulk of which arc 

 vilible in the external lineaments of the body. Thefc muU 

 cles will be dcfcribcd under Glut/eus medius el minimus. 



Abductorfs, or abducentes ner'A, are names which have 

 been g-iveii to the 6th pair of nerves, on account of their 

 being diilributcd to the Abductor mufclcs of the eye. 

 ABEC Flutf. See Flute. 

 ABECEDARIAN. See Abcedarv. 

 ABEII.LE, Gnfpar, in Biography, was bom at RJez, 

 in Provence, in 164S. He was much admired at Paris, in 

 early life, for the brilliancy of his wit. He obtained the 

 confidence of Marflial Luxemburj^h, who appointed him 

 as his fecretarN- ; and he contributed, by his lively and ani- 

 mated converfation, to the apiufemcnt of the Prince of Conti 

 and the Duke de Vendome. A very ugly wrinkled coun- 

 tenance, fufceptible of a variety of comic expreflions, gave 

 a ztll to his bon-mots and ftories, and enabled him to pro- 

 duce mirth on various occafions. Aliille enjoyed a priory, 

 and a place in the French academy. He wrote fome odes 

 and epiftles, feveral tragedies, one comedy, and two operas. 

 A certain prince obferved of bis tragedy of Cato, that if 

 Cato of Utica fhould return from the grave, he would be 

 no more Cato than that of the Abbe Abeille. He was held 

 in low eftimation as a poet. He died at Paris, May the 

 2 1 ft, 1 718. His brother, Scipio, who died in 1697, was 

 alfo a poet. He has left a good hiftory of the bones, pub- 

 liflicd in 1685, in i2mo. ; and he alfo publiilied, in 1669, 

 a treatife, in 1 2mo. fuitable to his office as furgeon-major, 

 under the title of the Complete Army Surgeon. 



ABEL, in Scripture Hijl'jry, the fecond fon of Adam and 

 Eve, bom in the fecond year of the world. His hiftory is com- 

 prilcd in a very narrow compafs. He was a (hepherd, and 

 offered to God the firftlings of his flock, and his facrifice 

 was accepted ; whilft that of Cain, his brother, was reitcled. 

 This diftinttion cxafperated Cain, fo that he flew his bro- 

 ther. Although no religious refpeft is paid to his memor}' 

 in the Greek churches, which have eftablifhed feafts for 

 every other patriarch and prophet, and his name does not 

 occur in any one of the Roman martyrologies before the 

 loth century ; he, as well as other faints, is made the objeA 

 of worfhip in feveral Roman litanies, defigned for perfons 

 at the point of death. Some calendars commemorate him 

 on the Z5th of March ; others on the 2d of Januarj- ; and 

 others on the 30th of July. Among the Ethiopians he is 

 honoured on the 28th of December. The poem, intitled " The 

 Death of Abel," written in German by Gefner, and tranf- 

 lated into various languages, has been much admired. 



ABEL, Frederick Gottfried, M. D. the fon of Caf- 

 par Abel, the hiftorian, was affetror of the college of phyfi- 

 cians, and member of the literary fociety at Halberftadt. 



ABE 



He was bom July Rtli, 1714, and after a cbflical education 

 became a ftudeiit of theology in 1 73 1, under Mofheim, and 

 afterwards at Halle, under Wolf and Baumgarten, where he 

 often preached with great applaufe. He declined the theo- 

 logical profeflTion and applied to medicine at Halle, and in 

 1744 was admitted to the degree of doftor at Konig{berg 

 in Pruflia. On his returii to Halberftadt he praclifcd as a 

 phyfician for half a century, and died Nov. 23, 1794. His 

 poetical tranflation of Juvenal into German, was publiflied 

 in 1788. One of his fons, 'jyz. John y^Zr/, a phyfician of 

 Duficldoif, has diftinguilhed hinifclf as a wri'.er. Gen. Biog. 

 Ahel, Charles Frederic, an eminent mufical compofer and 

 performer, was a native of Ger-many, and a difciple of Se- 

 baftian Bach. He left Drefdcn in a dcftitute condition in 



1758, and travelled though Germany, fupplying his necef- 

 fities by his talents, till at length he arrived in England in 



1759, where hj foon gained notice and recompence, 

 both as a public performer and as a private teacher. 

 He had a falary of 200I. a year as chamber mufician to her 

 majefty, and his weekly concert, in conjun(ft:on with Bach, 

 was liberallv fupported. He perfonr.ed on feveral inftru- 

 ments ; but he was chiefiy attached to the viol da gamba. 

 Dr. Bumey, in the 4th volum.e of his Hiftory of Mafic, has 

 given the following account of his compofition and perform- 

 ance : " His compofitions were eafy and elegantly fimple ; 

 for he ufcd to fay, ' I do not chafe to be always ftruggling 

 with difficulties, and playing with all my might. I make 

 my pieces difficult whenever I pleafe, according to my dif- 

 pofition and that of my audience.' Yet, in nothing was he 

 io fuperior to himfelf, and to other muficians, as in writing 

 and playing an adagio ; in which the moft pleafing, yet 

 learned m.odulation, the richeft harmony, and the moft elegant 

 and polifhed melody, were all exprefied with fuch feeling, 

 tafte, and fcience, that no mufical produAicn or perform- 

 ance, with which I was then acquainted, feeraed to approach 

 nearer perfection. The knowledge Abel had acquired in 

 Germany, in eveiy part of mufical fcience, rendered him the 

 imiipire in all mufical controverfies, and caufed him to be con- 

 fulted in all difficult points. His concertos and other pieces 

 were very popular, and frequently played on public occa- 

 fions. The tafte and fcience of Abel were rather greater than 

 his invention, fo that fome of his later productions, compar- 

 ed with thofe of younger compofers, appeared fontewhat 

 languid and monotonous. Yet he prefer\'ed a high reputa- 

 tion in the profeffion till his death." Abel wasirafcible in 

 his temper, and apt to be overbearing. He loved his bottle ; 

 and by exccfs of drinking, when he was labouring under a 

 fpitting of blood, he put an end to his complaint and to his 

 life. He died in London, June 20, 1787. 



Abe L-Kerami7n, or of tic Vineyards, in Geography, mentioned 

 Judges xi. 33. was, according to Eufebius, fix m.iles from Phi- 

 ladelphia, otherwife Rabbath, the capital of the Ammonites. 

 It was remarkable for its \-ines, whence the name ; and it wa» 

 probably the fame with Alela, between Jabez and Gadara, 

 near Pella ; and \X\^ JilUa, mentioned by Polybius, (Hift» 

 lib. v. p. 414. ed. Cafaub.) among other cities of Galatif. 

 SeeAsiLESE. 



A.^zi.-Meho!ah, the country of EKfha, I Kings, xix. 16. 

 about fixteen miles fouth of Scythopohs according to Eufe- 

 bms. Near this place Gideon obtained a viftory over the 

 Midianites. Judges, vii. 22. 



ABEh-Mizraim, the mourning of the Egyptians in allu- 

 fion to the lamentation for Jacob, called alfo the threftiing 

 floor of Atad, Gen. 1. 1 1 . was thought by Jerome, and 

 fome others, to be the place afterwards called Bethagla, at 

 fome diftance from Jericho and Jordan weftward. 



AsEi-Shiilim, or Abel-fattim, was &tuated in the plains 



of 



