A B O 



ner.r the river Anitobar or Cobrc nn tlie Gold Coafl in 

 AfriL-a, which gives iiamo to a rcpiililicnn province. 

 ■ ABOLA, ill Geogntfly, Oiie of tlK" divifioiis of the 

 Acow ill AbyfTiiii:!. It is a plain, or i-ather a valley, from . 

 h.ilf a mile to a mile broad; formed on tlie call and weft fide 

 by mountaiin that are cowred with herbage and acacia-trees 

 to the very fummit, and that become towards the foulh 

 more lofty, niggt-d, and woody. On the top of tlufc 

 mountains there are very dvlijriufiil plains, aboiindinjj with 

 excellent p:\llurc. In this vallty there wtic many villages, 

 which had efcaped the havock of war, and' which ap- 

 peared lefs poor and wretched than other habitations 

 of the country A river of the fame name flows through 

 this valley, which has two branches ilTuing from the two ad- 

 joining ridges of mountains. Another river, called Iwoira, 

 rifing in the eall, nms weftward into the ylbola. It alio re- 

 ceives fevcral other ftreams and tonents,- as the Goo;^ucri, 

 Karnachiiili, Caccino, S;c. which fall into it in different 

 directions. Mr. Bruce found no fidi either in the jllola or 

 any of its tributai^- llrcams, which he accounts for by their 

 being almoil Axy in fummer and violently rapid in winter, fo 

 that the fpawn and fi(b are both dellroycd in different feafons 

 by different caufes. Bruct's Travels, &c. vol. iii. p. 581. 

 ABOLITION, Abolishing, in a general fenfe, the 

 aft of deftroying a thing, or reducing it to nothing. 

 Some derive the word from alolere, ex ab &(. ako, and others 

 from the Greek as:o>.>.v4;, / iL-flroy. 



In our laws the abolition of a law, flatute, or cuftom, is 

 the abrogating or repealing it. 



The leave given bv a prince, or judge, to a criminal ac- 

 cufer, to defill from farther profecution of the accufed, is 

 peculiarly called nbolilion. 25 H. VIII. c. 2 1. 



yfboliiiin is particularly ufed among civilians, for remitting 

 the puniihmcnt of a crime. In this fenfe aboHlicm is a lower 

 fpecies of amnelly, which takes off the punifhment but 

 not the infamy : liberal fed notat. 



MoHtion is alfo particularly ufed, among Roman law- 

 yers, for the annulling a profecution, or legal accufation : 

 and in this fenfe diners from amnefty and oblivion ; be- 

 caufe in the former, the accufation might be renewed, 

 even by the fame profecutor, which in the latter was 

 extinguifhed for ever. Within thirty days after a public 

 aholilion, the fame accufer by the prince's licence, was al- 

 lowed to renew the charge ; after a private nbolilion, another 

 accufer might renew it, but the fame could not. 



This kind of abolition is either granted in favour of the ac- 

 cufed, or of the accufer ; and is either public, granted by 

 the prince or fenate, on occafions cf public rejoicings, vic- 

 tory, and congratulation ; or private, fued for to the prefi- 

 dcnt or judge, by one of the parties ; frequently by the ac- 

 cufer hinifelf, who after having embarked in the profecution, 

 by fubfcribing his name to the charge, could not by the 

 Turpilian fenatus-confultus otherwife defift, without incur- 

 ring infamy. On fuch occafions therefore the accufer would 

 felere abotitioncm ; that is, move for ^n abolition: which was 

 only granted, on his (hewing fair and honeft motives for with- 

 drawing the charge ; viz. inadvertency, youth, warmth, or 

 the like; nor was it granted without the confent of the ac- 

 cufed ; or if the accufation appeared to have been utterly 

 falfc, or malicious, &c. 



As to the accufed, the charge againft him was alfo nbolifhed 

 by the death of the accufer, or his being incapacitated from 

 profecuting by reafon of ficknefs, or the like. — An atlion 

 of injury was abuli/ked by diflimulaljon ; a fentence of con- 

 demnation, by indulgence. 



yll.oliti',n was alfo ufed for expunging a perfon's name out 

 of the public lift of the accufed, hung up in the treafurv-. 



ABO 



This was called /jis/frjT nomz-n; and, like the former, wa8 

 cither public, as that under Auguftus, when all the names, 

 which had long hung up, were expunged at once ; or pri- 

 vate, done at the motion of one of the parties. 



By feveral laws in the Theodofian code it appears, that 

 an abolition of debts was fometimes granted the debtors to 

 the fifcus. We have a medal of the emperor Adrian, 

 wherein that prince is reprcfented Handing with a fceptre ia 

 his left hand, and a lighted torch in his right ; with which 

 he fets fire to fevcral paper? in prefence of the people, who 

 teilify their joy ar.d gratitude by lifting Op their hands towards 

 heaven. The legend is, Reliqua ivtera H. S. ni^mmis aboliUi. 



ABOLIJ\, in Jnliquily, a warm kind of garment, lined 

 or doubled, ufed by the Greeks and Romans ; chiefly out of 

 the city, in following the camp. 



The word is Latin, formed, as fome imagine, from bulla, 

 on the fuppolitlon that this vellment was garniflied with 

 thofe ornaments called bullr. Others, denying this circum- 

 ftance, derive it from the Greek cf/.ooXu, ot am'SoA-n, amicfus, 

 cloathing. 



Critics and antiquaries are greatly divided as to the form, 

 ufe, kinds, &c. of this garment. Papias makes it a fpecies 

 of the I'.'ga, or gown ; but Nonius, and the generrJity, a 

 fpecies of the pallium, or cloaL 



The abolla feems rather to have fl:ood oppofed to toga, 

 wliich was a garment of peace, as the abolla was of war ; at 

 leall Van-o and Martial place them in this oppofite light. 

 Some, after Nonius, hold it to have been a military garb 

 alone ; others, after Papias, a fenatorial ; and Salmafius parti- 

 cularly fuppofes it to have been worn by the prefidents in the 

 provinces, and even by the prefefti of the city when they 

 adminiftered juftice ; which Pitifcus endeavours to refute. 

 Others will alfo have the nbolla to have been ufed by the 

 philofophers, particularly the Stoics, Cynics, &c. Laftly, 

 others reconcile all the variances by making divers kinds cf 

 abolla, accommodated to different occafions and profefTions. 

 Even kings appear to have ufed the abolla: Caligula w-as af- 

 fronted at king Ptolemy for appearing at the fliews in a 

 purple abolla, and by the eclat thereof turning the eyes of 

 the fpeftators from the emperor upon himfelf. 



ABOMASUS, Abomasum, or Abomasium, in Com- 

 parative Anatomy, a name given by old anatomirts to one of 

 the ftomachs or ventricles of animals of the ruminating kind. 

 See Ruminant and Rumination. 



Beafts that chew the cud are found to have four ftomachs ; 

 viz. the rumen, or magmis venter, ox Jlomach, properly fo 

 called ; the reticulum, omafus, and cbomafus. The abomafuiy 

 properly called the rnanv, is the lait of the four; being the 

 place where the chyle is formed, and from which the food 

 defcends immediately into the inteftiaes. 



It is full of a fort of leaves, like the omafus; but its leaves 

 have this peculiarity, that, befide the membranes they con- 

 fift of, they contain a great number of glands, not found in 

 any of the firft. 



It is in the abomafus of calves and lambs that the rennet, 

 or earning, is formed, with which milk is curdled. 



ABOMINATION, in Scripture Hi/lory, a term ufed 

 with regard to the Hebrews, who, being fhephcrds, are faid 

 to have been an abomination to the Egyptians; becaufe they 

 facrificed the facred animals of that people, as oxen, goats, 

 flieep, &c. which the Egyptians efteemed as abominations, or 

 things unlawful. The term is alfo applied in the facred 

 v.ritings to idolatry and idols, not only becaufe the worfhip 

 of idols is in itfelf an abominable thing, but likewife, becaufe 

 the ceremonies of idolaters were almoft always attended with 

 licentioufnefs, and Witli actions of an infamous and abomv 

 nabic nature. To this purpofe, Chryfcftom (Opera, vol. i. 



p. 645. 



