A C A 



Of tljefe ufcful inflitutions wc {hall give an account in 

 the following order, 



A C A D V M I E s of j'tnUquitifs ; as 



The Ac^di-my at Coiioiia, cR.^bliflicd for the ftiidy of the 

 Hetnirian antiquities; which are numerous and cxtt-nfive. 

 Their head is called Lucumon, a name taken from the an- 

 cient governors of Hetnnla. One of their Ijws is to give 

 audience to poets only one day in the year : another is, to 

 fix their fcfi'ions, and iinpofe a tax of a dilfcrtation on each 

 member in liis turn. 



The j1cM(hmy of AnUqu'il'.cs at Upfal, owes its rife to 

 queen Chriftina, but its dlabliiliment chiefly to Charles 

 Guilavus her fucceiTor. Its defign is for illuflrating the 

 northern languages, and the antiquities of the country, as 

 fiones, coins, and the hke monuments ; in which notable 

 difcoveries have been made by it. The more eminent of 

 in members have been Verelius, Loccenius, Schcffer, Rud- 

 feecks, Keder, Salin, Perlvilsiold, &c. 



Academy, of ArckUetJnre, was eftablilhed at Paris by 

 M. Colbert, in 1 67 1, conlifting of a company of (Ivilful 

 artills, under the direction of the Superintendant of the 

 buildings. 



Academy, Royal, of Arts, war inftituted in London for 

 the encouragement of Di-fv^tnng, Painting, Sculpture, &.C. 

 &c. in the year 176S. This academy is under the imme- 

 diate patronage of the king, and under the direction of forty 

 artiils of the firll rank in their fevcral profeffions. It fur- 

 niHies, in winter, living models cf different charaftcrs, to 

 draw after ; and in fummer, models of the fame kind to 

 paint after. Nine of the ablell academicians, are annually 

 elefted out of the forty, whofe bulinefs is to attend by ro- 

 tation, to fet the figures, to examine the performances of 

 the ftudcnts, and to give them neccflary inftruftions. 

 There arj likewife four profeffurs of Pmnting, of Archtlec- 

 ttire, of Ana'omy, and of Perfpe^ive, who annually read 

 publ c ledlures on the lubjefts of their feveral departments ; 

 befide a prefid^nt, a council, and other officers. 



Tie admiffion to t'lis academy is free to all ftudents, pro- 

 perly qualified to reap advantage from the ftudies cultivated 

 in it ; and there is an annua! exhibition of paintings, fculp- 

 tures, and defigns, open to all artills of diftinguilhcd merit. 



The Academy of Arts, at Peterlburg, was eftablilhed by 

 the emprefs Elizabeth, at the fuggeftion of count Shuvalof, 

 and annexed to the Acc.cicmy of Sciences. The late emprefs 

 Catharine has formed it into a feparate inftitution, enlarged 

 the annual revenue from 4000I. to l2,OOol., and augmented 

 the number of fcholars from 40 to 300. She has alfo con- 

 ftrucled, for the accommodation of the members, a large 

 circular buHding, which fronts the Neva. The fcholars are 

 admitted at the age of fix, and continue to iR; and they 

 are lodged, clothed, fed, and taught, at the expence of the 

 crown. All of them are inftrufted in reading and writing, 

 arithmetic, the French and Gennan languages, and draw- 

 ing. At the age of 14, they may chufe any of the fol- 

 lowing arts, which are dillributtd into four claffes : I. 

 Painting in all its branches of hillory, portrait, battle, and 

 landfcape ; architcAure ; mofaic ; enamelling, &c. 2. En- 

 graving on copper-plates, feal-cutting, &c. 3. Carving in 

 wood, ivory, and amber. 4. Watch-making, turnery, in- 

 ftrument-making, calling ftatues in bronze and other me- 

 tals, imitating gems and medals in pafte and other compo- 

 fttions, gilding, and varnifliing. Prizes are annually d'dri- 

 bated among thofe who excel m any particular art ; and from 

 thofe who have obtained four prizes 12 are feledcd, who 

 are fent abroad at the public charge. Their travelling ex- 

 pences are deftayed ; and when they fettle in any town, 

 ttey receive an anuualfalary of 6c 1. for four years. There 



A C A 



18 an alTortnoent of paint-. igs and models for the ufc of the 



fcholars. 



Academies, of Pti.'nting, Sculfiliirr, ^vul Arthilffliirr : M 

 thcfe celebrated ones ancitntlv at liorcnce and Milan, callid 

 ?i\Uyfcho(ii ; and tliat other at 15olo;jna, incoiporated into 

 the new inllitutc; to wliich may be added the academy 

 of paiiiting and fculi>turc at Paris and Vienna} another of 

 deligning at Rome. 



Academy of Painting nml Sculp'ure at Paris, was firft 

 projei'lfd by Le Unni, Sarazin, Coriicillc, &c. for which 

 thty obtained an arret of council in 1(148, and tUal'lifiied in 

 1654 and i6jf, under the Cardinal Mazarine, firft pi"otoc- 

 tor thereof; and the chancellor Seguicr vice-prote£tor. In 

 16(^3, a penfion of 40C0 livres was granted to the academy 

 by tlie inteqiofition of M. Colbert. It confilts, btfides, of 

 a director, a chancellor, four reftors, a treafurcr, and four 

 profclTors, one of anatomy, and another of geometry ; ad*. 

 junfts to the reftors and profefibrs ; coiinfcllors ; a fecrc- 

 tary ; an hiftoriographer, and two ulhers. 



Perfons are here admitted either in quality of painters or 

 fculptors, who model from a naked pcrion. — 'I'he painters 

 are admitted according to their refpeC\ive talents ; there 

 being a diftinflion made between thofe who work in 

 hiftory, and thofe who only paint portraits, or landfc.ipes, 

 or bealls, or fruits, or flowers, or paint in miniature ; or 

 •only defign, or engrave, or car\e, &c. In the Academy of 

 painting there are 1 2 profeflors, each of whom attends a 

 month in the year, and tlieir place is fnpplied by 1 2 adjuncts. 

 The profeflor upon duty places the naked man as he thinks 

 proper, and fets him in two different attitudes cvei-y week. 

 This they caW fitting the moilel. In one week of this month 

 he fets two models together, which is called _/(-//;n_5' iht group. 

 The paintings and models made after this model are deiio- 

 minated academics, or acadcmv-figures. They have likcwife a 

 wom.an who Hands for a model in the pubhc fehool. Three 

 prizes for defign are diftributed evci-)' three months among 

 the eleves or fcholars ; two others for painting, and two for 

 fculpture every year. An account of this academy has been 

 pub'ifiied by Guerin, under the following title, Dtfcript. 

 De I'Acad. Roy. de Peinture & Sculpt. 



There is alfo a French academy of painting, fculpture, 

 &c. at Rome, eftablilhed by Lewis XIV., wherein thofe 

 who have won the annual prizes in the like academy at 

 Paris, are received and enteitained for three years with a 

 view to farther improvement. 



An Acadimy of drawing and fculpture was eftablillicd at. 

 Manheim, by Cliarles Tlieodore, eledor Palatine, in I775> 

 with a view of encouraging and promoting the tine arts. 



The y^f(7^/< my of painting and fculpture, at Stockholm, 

 has nine pi'ofeiTors, and commonly about 400 fcholars. This 

 academy annually diftributes three large and three fmnll 

 medals ; aid the iludcnts who moil diiUnguilh themfclvcs, 

 are permitted to travel into France and Italy, at the expence 

 of tlie inftitution. 



Academies of Belles Lrllres, thofe wherein eloquence 

 and poetry are chiefly cultivated. Italy abounds with 

 thefe ; and in France there are not a few ; fuch are 



Tiie Academy o/"lTmidi at Florence, called aftcrvrnrds La 

 Floreritina, in honour of the grand-duke Cofino I. who de-- 

 clared himfelf its protecflor in 1549, is illullrious both for 

 the works it has produced, and its members ; which for 

 thefe two liift ages have included n.oll of the eminent men, 

 not only in Tuicany, but in all Italy. Their chief atten- 

 tion is to the Italian poetr)'. 



Academy if Humor'jh, Umorifti, had its oririn at 

 Rome, from the marriage of Lorenzo Mnncini, a Roman 

 gentkmaii, at wliich ftveral perfoa*. of rauk were gnefts ; 



aud. 



