A C A 



A^AT.^NDRA. See Calandra. 



AC'ALANORUS, in ^««Vn.' C'o^raphy, a nver falling 

 into the bay of Tareiitum, not far from the Mttapontum. 

 This river is mentioned by Pliny (Hill. Nat. 1. iii. c. lo. 

 torn. i. p. 165.), and by Slrabo, (Geog. torn. i. p. 429.) 

 It is now riume de Roleto. 



ACALEPHK, a nettle. It alfo fignifies a certain fini, 

 the fle(h of which is verv- tender. IJIccwife a fea-iowl men- 

 tioned by Nicander, and a fca-animal, mentioned by GcUius. 



ACALOT, an al>ridgnicnt of AcACALOTL. 



ACALYPHA, in Botany, a genus of plants belonging 

 to tlie manoecia momuhlphia clafs, and the natural order of 

 Trkoccf, called by Bocrhaave, and others, Rkhiocjifos o\- 

 Tirl-fniil. It derives its name AxaX^'?>i, from its not being 

 pleafant to handle, ;. <•. wa^i to /xn i';^"' "-"^^^^ "?"''• ^'' ^^^' 

 ratlers are thefe : the male Howers are crowded above the 

 female ones ; the calyx is a three or four-leaved perianthium, 

 with roundiih, concave, equal leaflets ; it has no corolla ; 

 the (lamina have from eight to fixteen fdamcnts, which are 

 ftiort, crowded, and conneded at the bale, with roundidi 

 anthera:. The female flowers are fewer, and received into 

 a large divided involucrum. The calyx is a three-leaved 

 perianthium, with fubovate, concave, convergnig, Imall, 

 permanent leaflets ; there is no corolla ; the piftillum has 

 a roundilh germen, three ilyles, branching, ulually tri- 

 partite, and long, and the lligmas are fnnple ; the pcricar- 

 pium has a roundifli, three-furrowed, three-celled capfule, 

 the valves gaping two ways, and the feeds are loUtary, 

 roundifli, and very large. There are fourteen fpecies. 

 The firfl fort, or ^. Firgimca, grows naturally in Vir- 

 ginia, feveral parts of North America, and alfo in Cey- 

 lon : the fecond, or yl. i:irgala, is a native of the warmeft 

 countries, and grows plentifully in Jamaica, and its leaves 

 refemble tliofe of the annual nettle, and fling as much ; 

 the third, or Indian Acalypha, was difcovered in great 

 plenty by Dr. Houlloun at La Vera Cruz, and is alfo found 

 upon dunghills in the Eail Indies, and its leaves are Uke 

 tliofe of Mcrcuiy, whence thefe plants have fometimes been 

 called three-feeded Mercury : the fourth, or Villous Acalypha, 

 is found in the woods about Carthagena : the fifth is a 

 native of South America, whence it has its name : the reft 

 are all natives of the Weil Indies. Thefe plants have no 

 beauty to recommend them, and are preferved in fome 

 botanic gardens merely for the fake of variety. Martyn's 

 Miller. In the laft edition of Linnaeus's Syft. Nat. by 

 Gmelin, the Acalypha is made a genus of the Monadelphia 

 dodtcandria clafs and order, and includes twenty-one fpecies. 



ACALZIKE, a town and fortrefs of Afiatic Tartary. 

 N. lat. 41^ 30'. E. long. 44° 14'. 



ACAM. See AcHAM, and Akam- 



ACAMACU, or AcAMAKV, in Ornithology, the Bi-afi- 

 lian name of the crefted Moucherolli; of Butfon ; the 

 crefted Brafilian Flycatcher of BiilTon, and the crefted 

 Brafilian ToDus, or variety of the ToDus Paradifieus oS. 

 Gmehn, and of the Muscicapa Paradiji iii\M\ws.\\i. It 

 is found in Africa and Madagafcar. 



ACAMANTIS, in Andml Gi-oi^ral^hy, the name of the 

 ifland of Cyprus, taken from its weftern promontory, called 

 Acamas and Cacamo, now cape Pifanio, or Epifftnio, where 

 there was formerly a town of the fame name, now a village, 

 called Cr\ifoco. The wood in this part of the ifland (fays 

 Mr. Bruce, Travels, vol. i. p. 4.) remains as thick and im- 

 pervious as at the firft difcovtry ; and in thefe woods large 

 ftag5, and wild boars of a monllruus fizc, flicker themfelvcs 

 in perfcci fccurity. 



ACAMAS, in Ancient Hijlary, the fon of Thefeus, who 

 followed the other Grecian princes to the fiege of Troy, 



A cr A 



and was deputed with Diomedes to rcftore Helen. Laodicf, 

 Prian\'s daughter, had a fon by him, called Munitus. He 

 was one of the heroes who were concealed in the wooden 

 horfe. One of the tribes of Athens was called Acamantides 

 from him, by the defirc of the oracle ; and he founded a 

 city in Phiygia Major, called /Icamantium. Homer ( Uiad. 

 1. ii. 823. and 1. xiv. 47J.) mentions two other heroes of 

 this name ; one a Thracian prince, v\'ho came to fuccour 

 Priam ; and another, a fon of Antenor. 



ACAMATOS, among Phyfcians, means that difpofition 

 of a limb, which is equally diftant from flexion and extenfion. 



ACAMBOU, \n Geography. See Aciuamboe. 



ACAMEA, in Ancient Geography, a town of Aflyria, ill 

 the province of Sittaccne. 



ACANACEOUS, feeAcANTHACEous. 



ACANGA, in Botany. See Bromelia. 



ACANGIS, i. e. Ravagers, or Adventurers, a name 

 given by the Turks to their huflars, or light troops, who 

 are generally fent out in detachments to procure intelligence, 

 hnrafs the enemy, or ravage the countiy. 



ACANNY, orAKANNI, feeAcHEM. 



ACANOIl, a particular fort of chemical furnace. See 

 Athanor. 



ACANOS, \n Botany. See Onopordum. 



ACANTHA, fonned from ajci, point, and avSoc, Jlower, 

 in a general fenfe, a fpine or prickle, chiefly of plants of 

 the thorny kind. 



Acantha, in a more particular fenfe, denotes a fpine, 

 or quill of certain fifties, as the echinus marinus, or fea- 

 hcdge-hog. Hence the thorn-back, a fpecies of the 

 raja, is by fome called aeantbias, from the two pricliles on 

 its back. Ron»elet. de Pifcib. lib. xiii. c. 2. 



Acantha, among fome Anatomijls, is apphed to the 

 hind or pofterior protuberances of the vertebrae of the 

 back ; formin-g what we call the spina dorji. 



ACANTHABOLUS, compounded of axx»5«, a thorn, 

 and ^aWai, to cajl aiuay, in Surgery, an inftruraent, where- 

 with to extraiSl foreign bodies, which by the fliarpnefs of 

 the points have penetrated, and entered any part of the 

 body. 



The acantbahnlut is the fame with the inftrument which 

 is otherwife called imlfella. Its chief ufe is for extiafting 

 fifli-bones, or the like, fticking in the cefophagus ; as alfo 

 the fragments of weapons, bones, hair, &c. remaining in 

 wounds. Its figure refembles that of a pair of pincers ; 

 fometimes it is alfo made crooked, for more commodious 

 application to the fauces. Celfus, lib. vii. c. 30. 



AcANTHABOLUs is alfo fomctimes ufed for an infliniment, 

 wherewith people pull out the hairs from their eye-brows. 



ACANTHACEOUS, among Botanijls, a term applied t» 

 a clafs of plants, that are armed with prickles ; popularly- 

 known under the name of the thistle kind. 



ACANTHALZUCA, the fame as ecbinopus, or glole 



THISTLE. 



ACANTHARIS, m Entomology, a fpecies of the Cimex, 

 in the Linnnean fyilem, and of the Redovius, in the ar- 

 rnngement of Fabricius, the characters of which are, that 

 it has a fpinous thorax, and a ciliated abdomen, with fpines. 

 It is found in Jamaica. 



ACANTHE, in the Materia Medica of the ancients, a 

 name given to the plant we now call the artichoak. 



AcANTHE Arubica, in Botany, a name given by fome of 

 the Greek writers to a plant called alfo leucacanthe, and by 

 the Arabian phyficians biinkon. It was a prickly plant, 

 \vhofe roots were fomewhat like thofe of the cyperus, and 

 compofcd of feveral knobs or joints, and of a bitter tafte. 

 It was brought for medicinal ufe frcin the Eaft Indies, and 

 I fome 



