A C A 



and flexile. The fins are all like the reft of the body, of a pure 

 white. This (ilh foems to be a kind of smaris. ^I:ircj;r;ivc. 



ACARAPINIMA, the name of a Bralihan filh, of the 

 CANTHARUS kind, and fecming to be of the fame fpecies 

 with the rtitithans of the Mediterranean. Ray. 



ACARAPITAM15A, the name of a iiHi cauglit in the 

 Brafihan feas, of an oblong figure, vefembling the mvi-lkt, 

 and growing to two feet or more in length. Its mouth and 

 teeth are veiy fmall. It has one h>n^ tin on the back, run- 

 ning very nearly to the tail, wliich is fiipportcd by rigid 

 and prickly rays. Its tail terminates in two oblique horns. 

 Its fcales are large, and of a purplirti colour, with a line 

 admixture of blue ; and along the middle of each fide there 

 runs, from the gills to the tail, a veiy broad ai.l beautiful 

 gold-coloured line. Its back, down to this lin .-, is varie- 

 gated alfo with fmall gold-coloured fpot? ; ani the lides 

 under the line are veiy beautifully variegated witli fmall and 

 fine longitudinal, but (hort gold-coloured lines, of a fomc- 

 what paler colour than the broad one. Its belly is white, 

 and its fins yellow. Marcgrave and Wilhighby. 



ACARAPUCU, the name of a Brafilian fi'lh, caught in 

 the frelh waters, and growing to eighteen inches in length. 

 It is of a rounded body : and its mouth is fmall, and not pro- 

 minent. It has lips, which it can hide, or fuller to appear, 

 at pleafure, and has no teeth. Its tail is long and forked ; 

 its fcales are all of a filvery hue. On the back it has a fine 

 golden glofs, iliining in the whitenefs ; and on the fides five 

 or fix large blue fpots. Its back and fide fins are of a pale 

 blue, as is alfo the tail : the belly fins are yellowidi. It is a 

 well-tafted fifii. Marcgrave. 



ACARAUNA, of Marcgrave, Willughby, Ray, and 

 Jonrton, is the Ch.t;todon ti'igricu/is of Linnaeus, with a lab- 

 bifid tail, nine fpines in the dorfal fin, and a lateral fpine on 

 each fide of the bifid tail. Its eyes are large, with a filvery 

 iris ; the teeth in each mandible are from ten to fixteen, 

 cylindric, and narrow in the lower part, and above wider, 

 veiy hard, fub-pellucid, and diipofed in a ierics, the fore- 

 teeth being the longell ; the tongue is Ihort and thick ; the 

 operculum of the gills is long and narrow ; the lateral line 

 proceeds from it in a direftion parallel to the back : moll of 

 the fins have ramofe rays ; the peftoral and caudal are cine- 

 reous, the ventral black ; the dorfal and anal white at 

 their bafe, and in other parts of a dulky hue, and they have 

 bifurcated radii. This fifh is found in the Indian, Brafil, 

 and Red Seas, and grows to the length of two feet ; it is 

 trovered with fmall fcales, bh.ckifh above, and whitifh be- 

 neath, and brown on the fides. It feeds on young crabs 

 and teftaceous fifh. 



The fmall black Acarmma of Willughby, is the Ch^eto- 

 BON nrcuatus of LinntEus, with an entire tail, eight ipines 

 in the dorfal fin, and four white arches, and is called by 

 Marcgrave and Ray, Guaperva. The Acarauna altera 

 viiijor of Willughby and Ray, is the Ch^todom cUiiirh of 

 I^innaeus, with an entire tail, fourteen fcales in the dorfal 

 fin, fpinofe opcrcula, and ciliated fcales. This fi(h is 

 found in India; it is of a cinereous colour, white beneath, 

 the iris of the eyes is reddilh ; the mouth very Imall, the 

 lips ftrong, the mandibles equal, tlie aperture of the gills 

 large, the operculum furniflied with three fpines, the lateral 

 line near the back and parallel to it, the anus in the middle 

 of the body, and the fins brown at their edge, with ramofe 

 rays, and a black ring before the dorfal fin. 



"^rhe Acnraiina inac!ilata\&x\\i Qniv.rcfDO^ Incolor. It is 

 alhed to the pearch, of an oblong ihape, thick body, part 

 of which, and the tail, are white, and the other parts brown. 

 It is found in South America and India. Linn. Syil. Nat. 

 by Gmeiin, torn. i. pt. 3. p. 12^.3 — 1245 — 1253—125!^. 



ACARI Port, m Cto-fYf/Av, lies on ihv coaft of P>ru. 



Vol. 1. 



A C A 



S. lat. if JO'. W. long. 74° 40'. To the N. W. is the 

 headland of ^[orro <ie Acari. This port is fomctimes called 

 Port l^omc). 



ACARNA, in lio/.wy, a name by whicli Thcophraftui, 

 and fome other writei-s, cxprefs the common artichoak. 

 See Atractvlis, Carduus, Carlina, and Cnicus. 



AGAR NAN, in Ichthyology, the name of a imall fca-fi(h 

 very common in the Mediterranean, and brought to market 

 among the rubellios, or erjthriiii, and called by the filher- 

 men by the name/raW/no, or phragoUno. It viiy much rc- 

 fembles thcerythriiuis in Uiape ; but as that is of a fnic red, 

 tiiis, on the contrary, is of a filver)- white. Its mouth ii 

 moderately large ; its teeth (lender and jiointed ; and iti 

 eyes large, having fine yellow irifes. Its lins are uliitc, hut 

 have each a black fpot at their origin. It fecms doubtful 

 whether this be really any way diflVrtnt from the ciytlirinun, 

 except in colour, v.hieh alone is not dillinttioii fufficient to 

 make a fpeeies. Rondelet. 



ACARNANIA, in Ancient Geography, the firft coun- 

 try of Free Greece, or Greece Proper,' bounded b) the 

 Sinus Ambracius, and the river Athclous ; the latter of 

 which feparales it from jlitolia, on the call ; and the former 

 from Epirus, on the well. Ptol. Geo. I. iii. c. 15. Slnibu 

 1. X. Phny, I. iv. c. i. Tliucyd. 1. ii. Paufan. 1. viii. 

 Acarnania was a free (late, and governed by a prxtor, or ge- 

 neral aflcmbly, and other fiibordinatc magift'rates, of the fame 

 defciiption and authurity as thoi'eof the Achxansand iEtoli- 

 ans. The inhabitants of this country were called Acarnanej, at 

 fome fay, from axbysilot, /. e. people wiJ}!orn, as the Curttes 

 on the other fide of the Acheluus W(.re (a called from nofoptMi, 

 i. it.Jbuni. But Paufanias fays, that they were thusdenominated 

 trom Acarnanes, the Ion of Alcmaeon. Stephan. de I'rb. 

 vol. i. p. 41;. Strabo Geog. torn. ii. p. 690^714. Ac- 

 cording to Lucian (Dial. Meret. apud op. torn. iii. p. 298.) 

 they were noted for effeminacy and incontinence, whence 

 the proverb, xc'?"'>'-"f-'^>'-«j»"'"'»>", /"""'"''/''''■' Acai-nanivs. A>(ot|>iK»; 

 iTiro; is likewife proverbial to denote any thing excellent in 

 its kind, becaufe this country was famous for its breed of 

 horfes. It is now called la Carma and // Defpotato. 



The Acarnaiiians are reprefented by Polybius (I. iv. 

 p. 299. ed. Cafaub.) as faithful to their promife, and 

 extremely jealous of their liberty. They derived their 

 origin from difterent nations, but affociated in a gene- 

 ral confederacy, and were almoll always at war with 

 their neighbours the iErouiANS. They were the only 

 people of any note that did not appear amongft the Gre- 

 cian forces in their expedition agaiiill Troy. Thev were, 

 more than all the other Greeks, attached to the kings of 

 Macedon, and principally to Philip, the father of Perfcs, 

 and valued themfelves upon an inviolable fidelity in the ob- 

 fervancc of treaties. The Romans made many attcm|>ts to 

 withdraw them from their allegiance, and to deprive Philip 

 o( his only lupport. After more gentle efforts had failed, 

 I-ucius Flaminius rcfolved to reduce tiiein by force, and laid 

 fiege to Ln'CAs, their capital. Jt was at length betraved 

 by iome Italian exiles, who, being acquainted with the 

 place, had introduced many Romans into the city. The 

 Acarnaiiians were furrouiided, and tliofe who refufed to fub- 

 mit were put to the fword. 'I'he reduclion of the capital 

 (Iruck inch terror into the whole nation, that thev defeiled 

 Philip, and (ubmitted to the Romans, under wliofe protec- 

 tion thev lived according to their own laws till the dellrue- 

 tion of Corinth, when Acarnania became part of the ])ro- 

 vince of Achaia. I.iv. 1, xxxii. c. 4. 



AcARMASiA was alfo the name of a town in Sicily, f.i. 

 mous for a temple of Jupiter. 



ACARO, in Gtograpl.y. .See A(ii'\M«of, 



ACARON, in Botany, the wild Mvri te. 



P Ac.\»oa 



