A C A 



tlif day whereon it was peifoniied, wliich is called the ftaft. 



ACATIUM, in the ancient Navigation, a kind of boat 

 or pinnace ufcd for military purpofcs. 



The acat'mm was a fpecics ot tliofe called a^tiaiiie navts, 

 i. e. fuch as w-cre wrought with oars. It was fomctimes 

 made ufe of in battle. Str.ibo repixfer.ts it as a kind of pri- 

 vateer, or pii-atc floop ; and .Suidiis, as a iithing ve(rcl. 



ACAULIS, and Acaulose, in Bofany, a term ap- 

 plied to certain plants, the flowers of which have no (talk or 

 pv-dicle to fiipport them, but reft immediately on the 

 j^ronnd : of this kind arc tlie carline tiiiftlc, and fomc others. 



ACBAB, in Ornilholo^y, a name given by the people 

 of the Philippine iflands to a bird very like our common 

 hen, which is very frequently wild among them. It lives 

 on rice, and other vegetables, and docs a great deal of mil- 

 chief ; but is fhort-winded, and docs not fly well, I'o that it 

 is eafily deftroyed. 



ACBAR, the name of an idol of enormous fizc, which 

 the Arabians are faid formerly lo lu've worlhipped. It was 

 with difficulty that Mahomet rellrained them from thii fpe- 

 cics of idolatrv. Hyde's Diff. voh i. p. 25;. 



AC B A R A BAD, in C^ogmphy. See A c; r a . 



ACCA (St.) mEcchfiaJlhalNi/lory, bilhop of Haguftald, 

 or Hexham, in Northumberland, who fucceeded Wilfrid in 

 709. Befides ornamenting the cathedral, he ereded a 

 noble library, confifting chiefly of ecclefiailical learning, and 

 a colleftion of the hves of the faints. He was accounted a 

 Tery able divine, and famous for his (kill in church mufic. 

 He wrote feveral books, particularly Pajfwnes Sandorum, 

 and pro illujlrandis Scripturls ad Bedam. He died in 740, 

 under Egbert. Simeon of Durh,--.!!! relates feveral miracles 

 performed by his relics. 



ACCA B A, in Geography, the name given by the Arabs to 

 a chain of mountains near the Red Sea ; and which formed 

 the eafternmoll range of the ps^al^a o^h of Ptolemy. The 

 caftle of ^(-cai/2 is fituated below thefe mountains on the 

 ebnitic point of the Red Sea. See HoR. 



ACCABAAR, in Natural Htjlory, the Isis Ochracea of 

 Linnxus, the red Indian coral of EUis. 



AccABAAR is alfo a name given to the Antipathes 

 pennacea of Linnaeus. 



ACCABARIUM, in Natural H'tjlory, a name given by 

 Rumphius to the Madrepora Octtlala of Linnreus, or the 

 white coral ot the (hops; and alio to the Is is H'ippuris of the 

 fame author. 



ACCAD, AccHAD, or asthe LXX has it Archad, in 

 Scripture Geography, a town in the kingdom of Nimrod or 

 Babylonia, to the eaft of the Tigris. Wells (Geog. O. T. 

 vol. i. p. 228) fuppofes that the city Sittace orPsiTTACE 

 was foi-merly called by this name, and that Artacene, 

 mentioned by Strabo, was formed from Arcad. 



hCQ.AXiYM.\Pi.,\x\Muf:cal Language, ?i term ufed in Italy 

 to denote a private ?oncert. 



ACCALIA, in Ar.ttrju'ity, folemn feafts, held in honour 

 of Acca Laurentla, wife of the lliepherd Fauftulus, and 

 nurfe or fofter-mother of Romulus. She was deified 

 by the Romans, and the flamen of Jupiter once a year of- 

 fered facrifices to her on a holiday inlHtuted to her ho- 

 nour. 



Thefe were othenvife called Laurentalia. — To the fame 

 Acca is alfo attributed the inftitution of the fratres 

 ARVALEs. Varro, de Ling. Lat. & Scalig. Conjeft. in Vano. 



ACCAPITARE, Accaptare, Acaptare, in ancient 

 iiTw-books and records, the aft of becoming vaflal of a 

 lord, or of yielding homage and obedience to him. 



The word i« compounded of the Latin ad, to; and caput. 



A C C 



head', becaufe vatTals owned their lords for their head. 

 Whence alfo the lords are fometimes called domin'i cap'itales : 

 as thofe who command in an army are called capitaui-i, cap- 

 tains ; and in old t'rench, chevdalnes, chieftains, in refpecl of 

 their luldiers. 



ACCAPITUM, a fum of money paid to a vafTal, upon 

 his admilTion to a feud. 



The word is alio written acnpiium, acapit amentum, acap- 

 tio, acapttitio, and acaptagium. 



AccAPiTVM, in our ancient Zaw-books, fignifies relief 

 due to the chief lord. 



ACCARBAAR, in Natural Hijlory, the Gorgonia Sa- 

 fiippo of Linnxus; and alfo the Alcyonium arloreum of the 

 fame author. 



ACCARBAARIUM, the Gorgonia Antipathes of 

 Linna;\is, or the blach coral of other authors. 



ACC.\RISI, Francis, in Biography, an ancient civilian 

 in the 1 6th and 1 7th centuries, who was born at Ancona, and 

 obtained celebrity as a profefTor of civil law in the univerfity 

 of Sienna. At lirft his leftures coniiiled of illuftrations of 

 Juftinian's Infl;itutes ; they were afterwards extended to the 

 pandefts : and at length comprehended civil law in general. 

 After having occupied the chulr of law-profefTor at Sienna 

 with high reputation for twenty years, and refilling many- 

 advantageous offers from other Italian univerilties, he was 

 induced to accept the propofals of the duke of Panna, who, 

 befides pecuniary rccompence, tempted him with the title of 

 his counfellor ; and he removed to Parma. However, he 

 was foon recalled by the Grand Duke of Tufcany, who af- 

 figned him the firft profenbrlhip in law at Pifa. He died 

 at Sienna in 1622. Gen. Dift. 



ACCA RON, in Scripture Geography, a town of Judea 

 called Ekron, i Sam. vi. 17. vii. 14. and mentioned in Jo- 

 fephus. Ant. 1. vi. c. I. It was the boundary of Philillia 

 to the north, not far from the fea, and from Bethihemefli,, 

 (Jodi. XV. ii. 46.) and famous for the idol Baalzebub, who 

 %vas worlhipped here under the fame attribute with Achor, 

 the god of flies, from which, according to Bryant (Mytho- 

 logy, vol. i. p. 83.), this city derived its name. It was- 

 about thirty-four miles from Jerufalem. It firll fell to the 

 lot of Judah, and was afterwards given to the tribe of Dan. 

 N. lat. 31° 55'. E. long. 34° 57'. 



ACCAS IJland, in Geography, lies off the mouth of 

 Ancobar river, on the coaft of Guinea, and extends fo near 

 the (hore on each fide as to render the channel very narrow. 



ACCEDAS ad Curiam, in Law, an original writ, which 

 lies for the removing fuits in any court baron, except the 

 county court, into the king's court ; upon apprehenfion of 

 partiality, or falfe judgment in the other. 



A like writ lies for him who has received falfe judgment 

 in the county court ; where it is called de faljo judicio. 



An ylccedas ad Curiam lies alfo for juftice delayed, as 

 well as falfely given ; and is a fpecies of the writ recordari. 



AccEDAs ad Vicecomitem, is a writ direfted to the coroner, 

 commanding him to deliver a writ to the (heriff, who hav- 

 ing a PONE delivered to him, fuppreffes it. 



ACCELERANDO, in Mufc, is an Itahan term for 

 accelerating the time in the middle of a piece of mufic, 

 as raltntando is for retarding it. This lall is a fafhion- 

 able effeft lately introduced in the perfonnance of mufic, and 

 much abufed by the excefs and too frequent ufe of it. 

 The gradual change of meafure, when praiftifed in the midft 

 of a rer;ular movement, feldom produces any other effeft on 

 common hearers than that of breaking time. Perhaps in a 

 very pathetic and exprcffive palfage, even in an allegro, 

 when very dehcately done from real feeling, the effeCl may 

 be approved j but tJte imitators of die licences and retim- 



ments 



