ACE 



ACE 



Valefms, (Annot. p. 9), and defended by Bafnage, Ann. 

 325, No. 33. Bayle. Lardncr's Works, vol. iii. p. 224, 

 &c. 



ACESTA, of aK'Oj^M, to cure, fignifies curable diftem- 

 pers. 



AcESTA, in yfncient Geography, a name given by Virgil 

 (j'En. y. V. 71R) t> a town called Segksta. 



A.QUL'^'T'jL, m Entomolo'ry, a fpecies of Papilio, found 

 in India, with fubdentatcd winjjs, the anterior black, witli a 

 y,.41ow b-ife and band, the pofterior yellow, with brown 

 bands under the body. 



ACESTIDES, a name given to the chimneys of fur- 

 naces where brafs was made ; contrived narrow at the top, 

 for rec'-iving and colleftinj the fumes of the melting mct.d, 

 that CADMiA might b; produced in greater quantilics. 



ACESTIS, a.u-ic, a faclitioiis fort of cusysocolla, 

 made of Cyprian verdigrile, the urine of children, and nitre. 



ACESTRIDES, female phyllcians. Midwives were fo 

 called among the Greeks. 



ACETABUl.UM, in Am'iquhy, a little vafe cr cup, 

 ufed at table for ferving up things proper for fiucc, or fea- 

 foning ; much after the manner of our falls and vinegar 

 cruet;'. Hence, Agricola, in his Treatife of Roman mea- 

 fures, takes the name to have been formed from accium, 

 •vinegar, fuppofmg that it was principally dtftined to fervc 

 vinegar. 



Acetabulum alfo denotes a R^oman meafure, ufed both 

 for liquid and dry thinga, chiefly in medicine. The aceta- 

 bulum contained a cyathus and a half, as is proved Ly Agri- 

 cola, from two verfcs cf Fannius ; who, fpeaking of the 

 cyathus, fays it weighs ten drachms ; and the oxybaphus, 

 cr acetabulum, fifteen, cr about one eighth of a pint. 



" Bis qulnque hunc faciunt drachma;, fi appe.idere tentes; 

 Oxybaphus fiet, fi quinque addantur ad illas." 



Du Pinet, in his Treatife of v^eights and meafures, pre- 

 fixed to his tranflat'on of Pliny, makes the acetabulum of 

 cil weigh two ounces and two fcruples ; the acetabulum of 

 wine, two ounces, two drachms, a grain, and a third of a 

 grain ; and the acetabulum of honey, three ounces, three 

 drachms, a fcruple, and two fdiou^. 



Acetabulum, in y/natoiiiy, a name given by Latin 

 writers to that cup-like cavity of bones formed for articu- 

 lation, which the Greeks called Cotyle or Cotyledon, 

 from its fuppofed refeinblance to a certain fmall meafure. 

 When the round head of one bone is lodged in a fpherieal 

 cavity of another, the joint admits of motion in almoft every 

 pofiible direftion. This fpecies of articulation is tech- 

 nically termed Enarthrosis. See Joint. See alfo Co- 



TTLEDON. 



Acetabulum is alfo ufed hy yinatomyls, in the fame 

 fenfe with Cotyledon. It fignifies alfo a glandular fub- 

 ftance, found in the placenta of fome animals. 



Acetabulum, in Botany, a fpecies cf Peziza ; fo 

 called from its refemblance to a cup. It is feflile and ex- 

 ternally angulated, and has ramofe veins. 



Acetabulum is alfo a fpecies of Lichen ; and it is a 

 name given to the Cotyledon and Crassula ; and with 

 the epithets maritium minus to the Andros ACEs,yifl Navel- 

 VCRT, or UMBILICUS iiinrir.iis. See Tubularia. 



ACETARIA. See Sallet. 



ACY-T AKIVM finrluticum, in the Materia Mediea, a 

 kind of pickle, in which Dr. Bates advifes fcorbutic patients 

 to dip their victuals before they eat it. It is thus made. 

 }^ fol. cocUear. marin. Jiij. Sacch?r. alb. _^vi fal cochlear. 

 Ji bene contund. fimid et adde fucc. aurant. Jvi. Mo- 

 therby's Did. by Wallis. 



ACETARY is ufed for an inner part in the ftniflure of 

 certain fruits, thus called from the fournefs of its tafte. 

 The acetai7 of a pear is a globular part, lying within the 

 calculary or choak, and furrouuding the core. It is of the 

 fame fubJlancc with the parcneliyma, or pulp, only that the 

 bladders of which it conlills arc fmaller, and rounder than 

 thofe of the parenchyma; from whence, however, it 

 fecmr, to be derived. On tliis account it is alfo fometimes 

 called the inner parenchyma. The quince alfo has an ace- 

 tar/, r.iembUng, though lefs than, that of a pear. 



AcETi Spi.iliis, fpirit of vinegar ; made by drenching 

 copper-filings with dillilled vinegar, then evaporating it till 

 tile fumes ot the vinegar camot be fnelt ; the faturation 

 and evaporation to be again repeated, till the mcnftruum be 

 fatiated ; which being then dilliUed, the fpirit comes over. 

 Its qualities and ufes are much the fame with thofe of tlie 

 dillilled vinegar ; excepting tl-.at it is move powerful. 



AC ETIAM, in La-M, a claufc devifcd by the officers 

 cf the King's Bench, and added to the ufual complaint < f 

 trefpafs, in order to maintain the jurifdii?>ion of this court 

 over civil injuries without force; of which ftatute, 2. 13 

 Car. II. c. 2. had nearly deprived it. The bill of Middlefex 

 having been fiamed only for aftions of trefpafs, a defendant 

 could not be aiTelled and held to bail upon it for breaches of 

 civil coiitrafts. To remedy this inconvenience the above 

 claufe was adopted : the bill of Middlefex commanding the 

 defendant to be brought in to anf.ver the plaintiff of a plea 

 of ti'efpafs, ac etiam, and alfo, to a bill of debt ; and thus 

 the complaint of trefpafs givei cognizance to the court, and 

 that cf debt authorizes thearieft. In imitation of this Lord 

 Chief Juftice North direfted, that in the common pleas, 

 befides tlie ufual complaint of breaking the plaintiff's clofe, ■ 

 a claufe oi ac etiam m.ight be added to the writ of Capias ; 

 and this was done in order to fave the fuitors of his court 

 the trouble and cxpence of fuing out fpecial originals. 



ACETIC ACID, in Chcimjlry, Radical -vinignr, Acide 

 Acetiqu;, Vinaigrc radical, Vinaigre dc Venus. If any quan- 

 tity of cryilallized acctite of copper (dillilled vcrdigrife) be 

 dillilled in a glafs retort, with a regulated heat, till at length 

 the bottom ot the veflel is nearly red hot, the equilibrium of 

 the afHnity between the component parts of the fait will be 

 dellroyed, and feveral new lubftances in confequence pro- • 

 duced. The proportion of thefe on 1000 parts of the hilt, 

 according to an accurate analyiis of Cit. Adet, will be 486 

 acetic acid, 312 brown oxyd of copper mixed with charcoal, 

 118 hydrogen and carbonic acid gas, and about 84 of the 

 acetite of copper, will remain undecompofcd. In order to 

 be fuily aware of what takes place in thefe changes, it is 

 necefTaiy to obferve, that the cryilallized acetite of copper 

 contains hydrogen and oxygen form.ing the water of cr)'f- 

 talhzation, hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen forming acetous 

 acid, and copper, with about 25 per cent, of oxygen. By 

 the prccefs of d.iliilation, the acetous acid appears to be 

 decompofedby the feparation of part of its hydroi-arbonous 

 bafe, and at the fame time the oxyd of copper is brought lo a 

 lower ilate of oxydation : part of the carbon becomes 

 acidified attheexpence of the copper, and, uniting with the 

 hydrogen, forms hydrocarbonous gas ; the remainder of 

 the carbon is found in the retort, mixed with the oxyd of 

 copper, and poflTefles the properties of a pyrophonis. Thus 

 it feem.s that acetic acid differs from acetous, in a larger pro- 

 portion of oxygen to the bafe, which is cffefted not by an 

 addition of oxygen, but by a diminution of the bafe. 

 Acetic acid may alfo be procured by diftilling together 

 acctite of lead, of foda, potafh, or lime, with fulphuric acid ; 

 the produil is however, in this cafe, contaminated by ful- 

 phureous acid gas ; but this may be in part prevented, by 



.idding 



