ACE 



A C H 



It t.iflcs nea'-ly ss four as llie remaining liquor, a very (Irong 

 and pure acetous acid will be obtained, in the proportion of 

 about 7 or 8 per cent, to the diiliUcd vineg.ir. 



Acetous acid is a tranfparcnt coli)urlefs fluid, of the 

 fpccil'c gravity of 1.C095, nearly as volatile as water, ex- 

 haling a pungent fragrant odour, and of a lively agreeable 

 acid tafte. 



When concentrated, it unites eagerly v.ith water, either 

 in the folid or Iiq\iid ftate ; ablorbing lieat in the fonucr 

 cafe, fo as to prnduce a conliderable deprcflion of the ther- 

 mometer, and giving out heat in the latter cafe. 



Upon fat oils it has httle or no aftion, but camphor arid 

 moll of the efiential oils are readily fohible in it, giving their 

 peculiar odours and increafnig the inflammability of the 

 liquor. With the empyreumatic oils of wood, tartar, &c. 

 it forms thi pvrolicneous and pvro-taxtareous acids. 



At a temperature above that of lx)iling water it decom- 

 pofes atmofpherical air, by abftraijling its oxygen, and at 

 flic fame time giving out flame, and producing carbonic acid 

 and water; the fame effecl is produced more gradually, by ex- 

 pofing to the air a folution of the earthy or alkaline acetites ; 

 thus acetite of lime is converted intocarbonat of lime. Ace- 

 tous acid is however capable of uniting to ox vgen without 

 experiencing fuch a total decompofuion. If equal parts of 

 acetite of lime, black oxyd of mangantfe and fulphuric acid 

 are dillilled together, apungent volatile acid called Acetic 

 a.ii! will be produced together with hydroearbonous gas : 

 the fame refults are obtained from the dlllillation of cryl- 

 tallized verdigrife, and the copper is found in the retort near- 

 ly in the metallic ftate. 



Acetous acid unites eafily with all the alkalies and alka- 

 line earths, whether pure or carbonated, fonning the genus 

 of alkaline acetites, which contains feven Ipecies ; viz. 

 Acetite oi potajh, foda, ammonia, lime, barytes,Jlront\an, and 

 magtujta. 



It appears to have no aftion on filex, but combines with 

 the other earths into Acetites oi aluniine znA glydne. 



Excepting iron and zinc, the reft of the metals are dif- 

 ficultly or not at all foluble in acetous acid, their oxyds, 

 however, efpecially if carbonated, are eafily fo ; hence re- 

 fults the large and important genus of metallic acetites. 



On vegetable and animal colouring matter this acid ap- 

 pears to have little effeft ; it poflcfres indeed the property 

 of reddening fyrup of violets, and certain other vegetable 

 blues, in common with all acids. 



The component parts of acetous acid are oxygen, hydro- 

 jijen, and carbon, but their relative proportions have not yet 

 been afcertained. If acetous acid in vapour is pafTed 

 through a red-hot glafs tube, it is decompofed into water, 

 hydrogen, and carbonic acid. 



The affinity of this acid is as follows : 

 Degree of attraftion Order of Eleftive 

 . (by Guyton.) Attraftion 



(by Pearfon.) 

 l^arytes - - 28 Bar)t Baryt 



Potalh - - 26 _ Potafli ^. Strontia 



Soda . - 25 •j'Soda w'Potafti 



Jjime - - '9 ^ Strontia ^Soda 



Ammonia - zo '~ Ammonia .^Lime 



Magnefia - i? g Lime u Magnefia 



Alumine - - 15 u Magnefia "5 Metallic oxyds 



*-' Alumine >S Ammonia 



^ Metalhc oxyds Alumine. 

 Water 

 Alcohol. 



This acid forms an important article in the Materia 

 Medlca ; it is alCo much ufed in food both as an agreeable 



condiment, and for the prefervation of nnim.al and vegetable 

 fubllances. I'ourcroy, Syfteme des Connoiffanccs Chimiqucs, 

 vol. viii. Encyclopedic Methodique, art. Acide Accteux. 

 Bcaume, Chimie Experiraentale. Gren's Che.miftry, vol. ir. 



Acetous sther. See Ether. 



Acetous Fermentation. Sen Acetous Fermtstatign. 



ACETUM, formed of <2r«v, X.0 be Jharh, the fame with 

 vinegar ; tlie properties, ufes, and preparations of which-, 

 fee under the article mnegar. There are fcvera! medi- 

 cines in the fliopr,, of which this liquor is the balls : as, 

 Acetum alLiliizatuin, made of dillilled vinegar, with the 

 addition of fome alkaline, or volatile f;Jt. 



Acetum C'Aelncum. See Colchicum. 



AcETUM dyiillaium. See. diJliUcd Vinegar, and Ace- 

 tols Acid.. 



Acetum cfuriens, diftilled vinegar reftified by means of 

 verdigrife. It is made by diflblving the common verdigrife 

 in fine diftilled vinegar, then evaporating the folution, and 

 recovering the verdigrife again in form of cr)'ftals ; and 

 from this, by a proper degree of fire, diftilling with a re- 

 tort an acid fpirit, which is the richeft acid that can by any 

 art be prepared from vinegar. Boerhaave's Chem. p. 138. 



Acktum I.ithargyrites. See Acelitc ©/"Lead. 



Acetum Philofophorum, a four kind of hquor, made by 

 diftblving a little butter of antimony in a great deal of wa- 

 ter. See Spirit uf Venus. 



Acetum Port aide. Sec Vinegar. 



AciTV n prophylafllcum is a preparation made in the fol- 

 lowing manner. K flor. luvend. ct rorifm. fol. rutx, ab- 

 finth. falvix, menth. a a. m. j. Aceti vini cong. j. infund. 

 in B. A. per 8 dies. R hujus tinft. ]{)j. camph. ji''- m. f. 

 This is alfo called the vinegar of the four thiei'es ; for dur- 

 ing the plague at Marfcilles, four perfons by the ufe of it, 

 attended many of the fick unhurt : under the colour of their 

 fervices they robbed the fiek and the dead ; but one of 

 them being apprehended, faved himfelf from the gallows, 

 by difcovering this remedy. Motherby's Dltl. by Wallis. 



Acetum rofatum, vinegar of rofes, is made of rofe 

 buds infufed in vinegar forty or fifty days ; the rofes are 

 then prefted out, and the vinegar preferved. It is chiefly 

 ufed by way of embrocation on the head and temples in the 

 head-ach. After the like manner are made acetum famhu- 

 cinum, vinegar of elder ; acetum anthnfitum, vinegar of rofc- 

 mary flowers ; acetum fcilliticum, vinegar of fquills. The 

 German difpenfatories abound with medicated vinegars, 

 chiefly aimed againft peftilential difeafts ; but they are cot 

 ufed among us. 



ACH, or AcHEN, 'John Van, in Biography, a painter 

 of hiftory and portrait, was bom at Cologne, in 1556, and 

 died, aged 65, in 1621. Having ftudied and praftifcd 

 portrait-painting for fome time in his own country, he tra- 

 velled to Venice, in order to obtain a more extenfive know- 

 ledge of colouring ; and with a view of perfefting his tafte, 

 and improving in correftnefs of defign, he fettled for fome 

 years at Rome. Here he painted a nativity for the church 

 of the Jefuits, and a portrait of Madona Venufta, a cele- 

 brated performer on the Kite, which is accounted one of 

 his beft performances. The beft judges allow his colouring 

 to be extremely good, his defign corrcft, and that the airs- 

 of his heads manifcft much of the tafte of Correggpo. His 

 talents, and polite accomphftiments, recommended him to- 

 feveral confiderable princes of Europe ; and under the pa- 

 tronage of the eleftor of Bavaria, he painted a grand defign 

 of the invention of the crofs, which is highly commended 

 for the elegance of the compofition, the correftnefs of the 

 defign, the graceful airs of the heads, and the attitudes o9 

 the figures. For this, and bis portraits of the eleiilorai 



family, 



