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.Bieniloncd by Strabo (Gcog. vol. ii. p. ^90.) ; and alio by 

 Pliny, (Hill. Nat. vol. i. p. 2S2.) near Sigxum, into 

 \vh:-h tlic river Xanthu";, after having been joined by the 

 Simois, falls. 



ACH^Uv'i, the fon of Andromachus, whofe fiftcr 

 vcas the wite of Se)eiicus Ceraunus, was oflcred the crown 

 of Syria, as fuccefTor to Sclcucii?, but declined in favour 

 of Antiochiis, the brother of the deceafcd king, who was 

 aftenvard'; furnamcd the Great. All the provinces of Afia 

 Minor were committed to the chaigc of Achxus. In this 

 ftation he wrefted from Attain,;, king of I'ergamns, all the 

 countries in Afia which that princt. had feizcd, and annexed 

 them to the crown of Syria ; when deligns were formed 

 sgainft him, he feized the crown which he had before re- 

 futed, and was crowned at I-aodlcen, in Phiygia, aduming 

 ever aftenvards the regal title in all letters to the cities of 

 Afia, and obliging them to give it him in all their addreffes. 

 Antiochus having fuecetded in feveral enterprifcs, direfted 

 hi,; attention towards carrj'ing on the war in Alia Minor 

 againil Achaeus ; who being (hut up in the caftle of Sardis, 

 was delivered to Antiochus, after he had taken the city. This 

 prince was moved with compafiion towards a perfon to whom 

 he had once owed his crown ; but motives of ftate prevailing 

 over his natural tendeniefs, he ordered him to be pirt to 

 death in the manner related by Poivbius, 1. viii. p. ;^28. Ed. 

 Cafaub. For an account of Achnus the fon of Xuthus ; fee 

 Acn«AM.<;. 



ACHAIA, in Ancient Geogrnphf, was ufed in three 

 different fenfes. In the earlier ages it comprehended all the 

 provinces of that great continent, which the geographers, 

 ftric^ly fpeaking, call Greeck. It was afterwards confined 

 to that naiTow diftrici of Peloponnefu,?, which was pof- 

 feffed by the Ach^eans in the more limited fenfe of the 

 appellation, and which extended weihvard along the bay 

 of Corinth, that lay to the north, and was bounded on the 

 weft by the Ionian fea, on the fouth by Elis and Arcadia, 

 and on the caft by Sicyonia. This was called Acha'ia pro- 

 pria, and it is now denominated Romania alia, and forms a 

 part of CJ.Hfirenga or Clarengam the More A. Its metro- 

 polis, according to fome, was Paine, and according to 

 others JEctvM. In the Roman times the name of Acha'ui 

 comprifed not only all Peloponnelus, but fuch other cities 

 beyond the ifthmus as had entered into the Achxan league ; 

 •upon the dilfolution of which Greece was, by a decree of the 

 Roman fenate, divided into two provinces, vi/,. that of Ma- 

 cedonia, containing alfo Theffaly, and that of Acha'ia which 

 included all the other ftatcs of Greece. 



ACHAI7E Pnjliyleri, Pn^/iylcrs of Aclnua, in Ecd-fajli. 

 tal H'lftory, thofe who were prefent at the martyrdom of 

 St. Andrew the apoftle, A. D. 59 ; and who aie faid to 

 have written an epiiHe relating to it. Bellannine, and other 

 Romilh writers allow it to be genuine; but Dupin, (Hilh 

 of Eccl. Writers, vol. i. p. I7)''and many otli/rs rtjeft it. 



ACHAIirS, in Br'itijh Hijlory, the fon of Etlnvin, who 

 was raifed to the crouii of Seotlaad, A. D. 788. At the 

 defire of the emperor Charlemagne, an alliance with him 

 againft the Englidi, whofe pirates iufefted the foas and in- 

 terrupted commerce, was concluded in France upon con- 

 ditions fo advantageous to the Scots, that Acbaius, to per- 

 petuate the memory of it, added to the arms of Scotland a 

 double field fowed with lilies. lie died in 819. 



ACHALACTLI, or, as Buffon has contrafted the 

 name, Alatli, in Ornilholrgy, the Alcedo torquata of 

 Linnxus and Gmtlin, the cinereous King-Fisher of La- 

 tham, and the Collared-hird of Nierembei-g, in one of the 

 largcft king-filhers, being near i6 inches long. Its fpecific 

 characters are, that it ii Ihort-tailed, half-crefced, hoary- 



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bhiiHi, with a white collar, and its wings and tail fpoltcd 

 with white. The upper part of the bctiy is bluiih-grcy, 

 and this colour is va'-iegated on the wing., wiih white fringcj 

 in ftlloons at the points of the quills, the largetl of which 

 are blackifli, and interfeeied within by broad white indent- 

 ingo ; ihofc of the tail are marked with broad llripes of 

 white ; the undcr-pait of the body is chefnut-rufous, di- 

 luted towards the breaft, and there fcaled or mailed with 

 grey ; the throat is white, which colour forms an entire 

 circuit on the neck ; the whole head and nape of the neck 

 are of the fame bluidi grey colour with the back. The 

 beak is (harp, and about three fingers breadth long ; it is 

 red, with a ir.ixture of blnekifh brown at the bale ; and the 

 feet are red. This bird is niigntory ; and at a certain time 

 of the year vlfits the northern provinces of M^.xico ; and is 

 alfo found in Martinico and the Antilles. It feeds on fi!h, 

 whence its name Achalafui, i. e. devourer of fifh. 



ACHAM, in Geography, a counti-y in Afia, bounded on 

 the N. by Bout;in, on tlie E. by Chi.ia, on the S. by Bur- 

 mah, and on the W. by Hindollan. It is verj- little known 

 to the Europeans. 



ACHAMjE, in Ancient Geography, the name of a people 

 who inhabited that part of Lybia interior, which is near the 

 mountain Arvaltes, and on tlie confines of the equinodiafc 

 line. 



ACHAMELLA, in B.yiany. See Acmella. 

 ACHiVN, in Scripture Hijlory, the fon of Carmi, of the 

 tribe of Judah : who, when Jericho vv.:s taken, concealed 

 200 Ihekcls of filver, a Babylonilh garm.ent, and a wedge of 

 gold, in dlredl violation of a divine pi-ohibition. After the 

 ifraelites had been repulfed at Ai, they caft lots in order to 

 dilcover the offender, who had been acceffoiy to this cala- 

 mity ; and when Achan was found to be the guilty perfon, 

 he and his children were ftoned to death, and afterwards 

 burned. Jofliua, chap. vii. Some have fuppofed, that 

 Achan alone was put to death, and underftand the words, 

 " and they ftoned them,'' (v. 25) as it is in the Hebrew, and 

 not him, as in our tranwation, of Achan and his cattle. 

 Grotius in I.oc. Others fuppofe, that Achan's children 

 were accomplices in his crime. St. Aullin vindicates the 

 jufticc of this aft, on the ground of God's having a right to 

 relume the life he has given, when and how he pleafes. 

 Some have alleged, that the fcverity of this punifliment wa» 

 necedaiy to keep the people in awe, and to oblige them to 

 a perfeft fubminion to the divine commands. 



ACHANDES, in Lhlbyohgy, a name given by fome to 

 the Re MORA. 



ACHANE, A;^;a>>i, an ancient Pcrfian com-meafurc, con- 

 taining 45 Attic medimni. 

 ACHANI. SeeAcHEM. 



ACHANIA, in Botany, from 'x-x^-y-rr.:, non hient, becaiife 

 the corolla does not open ; a genus of the mir.adclphia pn'ly^ 

 anilria clafs, and the natural Older of coiun.r.ijerx. Ths 

 c'laracters are, that the calyx has a double periar.thium, the 

 outer having many leaves, and the leaflets being linear, per- 

 manent, and (lightly coakfcing at the bafe ; the corolla i» 

 fubclavate and convoluted ; and the petals are five, obovate- 

 oblong, ereft, with a lobe at the bafe on one fide, involving 

 the column of ttamens : the ftamens are numerous filaments, 

 coalefcing into a writhed tube longer than the corolla, free 

 at top, and eapillaiy ; the anthers are ob'ong ; the piilillum 

 has a fubglobular germen ; the ftyle is filifo:m, of the fame 

 length with the tube of tlie flamen,", ttn-clefc at top, thj 

 fegments fpreading, the ftigmas capitate ; the periearpinm ii 

 a lubglobular, tlefhy, five-celled beriy ; the feeds are h hlaiy, ■ 

 on one fide convex, and angular on the other. There are 

 three fpecies, viz. the A. mahavij'cus, icarlet achauia, 



' or 



