A C II 



prararce through the year, a native of the Levant, and 

 cultivated at Chelfea in 17 12. All the preceding fin'cics 

 have ycUow corollas : tlie corollas of the follmvinjr arc white 

 in the rr.y : — 9. the macrophylla, or feverfew-leaved M. whofe 

 leaves refemble tliofe of the eoninion fneezewort, and are of 

 the fize cf thofe of the tanfv, the fcsles of the calys cdrjeil 

 v.'ith black, the plant, and especially the flowers, fnielling like 

 fneezewort ; a native of the Alps, hardy, and thriving m 

 a-.iy foil, ai;d deferving a pljce in gardens ; flowering in July 

 and Aiiguil, and cultivated by Mr. MiUcr in 1759: — 10. the 

 i,npr,r:trts, with a ftein red at bottom, and ter^ninating in a 

 handfome umbel of white flowers, and the florets in the ray 

 elegantly cut, frequent in Sibci-ia : — 1 1. cla-venc^, or filven-- 

 kaved M. the Abfynthium album of Gerard and Ray, a 

 rative of the Alps of Switzerland, Auftria, Pannonia, and 

 Carinthia, culti\-ated in 1683 by Mr. J. Sutherland: — 12. 

 ptarim:a, or fneezewort M. growing wild in all the tem- 

 perate parts of Europe, found in Britain not uncommonly 

 in meadows, by the fides of ditches, on the balks of corn- 

 fields, in moiit woods, and (hady places ; the (hoots are put 

 into fallets, and the roots, being hot and biting, are ufed for 

 tlie toothach, whence the plant has been called baftard 

 pellitor)- ; and, on account of the form of the leaf, goofe- 

 tongue : the powder of the dried leaves ufed as fnuft pro- 

 vokes fneezing, whence the name ; in Siberia a decoft:on of 

 the whole herb is fp.id to be fiiccefsfuUy ufed in internal 

 hcsmorrhages : oT this plant there is a variety with double 

 flowers called batckchr's luttons ; it flowers in July anel 

 Angufl, and makes a tolerable appearance : — 13. j'llfnm, or 

 Alpine M. refembling the laft, and by fome fuppofed to 

 be a variety of it ; a native of Switzerland, Savoy, and Siberia, 

 vciy hardy, cultivated here by Mr. Miller in 1731 : — 14. 

 fsrrntc, or nctch-leaved M. appearing like ptarmica, flow- 

 ering in Anguft and September, and introduced, with the 

 next fpccies, in 1784, by Mr. J. GrsefFer : — 15. cnjlc.ia, or 

 flender-branchcd M. a native of the Eaft, flowering here 

 in July and Auguit : — 16. atrata, or camomile-leaved or 

 black M. found on the mountains of Switzerland, theValais, 

 and Anftria, and introduced here in 1774 by Drs. Pitcaim 

 and FothergiO : — 17. mofchata, muflc M. or Swifs genipi, 

 an excellent fudorific, but injurious in the pleurify attended 

 vvith high fever, promifuig to be ferviceable in diforders 

 arifmg from a dcbihty of tlie folids, and yielding a grateful 

 food to cattle ; it grows wild on the high Alps, in Savoy, 

 Piedmont, and Auflria, and was introduced in 1775 by 

 Drs. Pitcairn and Fothergill :.. — 18. nana, or dwarf M. 

 found ai the high Alps of Switzerland, the Valais, ar.d Sa- 

 voy, vciy hardy, thrives in any foil, loves an open expofure, 

 and deferves a place in gardens: — 19. magna, great M. 

 or Yarrow, found in Italy, and cultivated here in 1683 

 by Mr. J. Sutherland : — 20. mllefol'tjm, comm.on M. or 

 Yarrow, abundant in paftures and by the fides of roads, 

 flov/ering from June to September ; mixed inftead of hops, 

 by the inhabitants of Dalekarlia, in their ale, in order to 

 give it an inebriating quality; recommend, d by Anderfon 

 in his Eflays on Agriculture, for cultivation, though 

 thought to be a m x'rus weed ;n paftures : the bruifc-d herb 

 frefh is recommended by Linnitus as an excellent vulnerary 

 and ftyptic, and by foreign phyf;cians in haemorrhages, and 

 tho-ight by Dr. Hill to be exe.iKnt in dyfenteries, when 

 admmiilercd in the form of a ftror.g decoftio;-. ; an ointment 

 is made of it for the piles, ivA for the fcab in Iheep ; and an 

 efTert.al oil is extraited from the flowers ; but it is not ufed 

 in the prefent pr^ftice : — 21. nob'ilh, a rative of Italy, 

 Ccruiany, Sw'tzerl.md, Narbonie, and Tartary, and cul- 

 tivated in 1640 by Mr. J. Park^nfon : — zi, oJoraUi, or 

 fcentcjl M. thought by Gerard and Haiier to be a variety of 



A C H 



the former, and a native of the fame place r — 23. Cretlcc, or 



Cretan M. a native of Crete : — 24. fquarrofa, rough- 

 headed ?> I. introduced in 1775 by M. Thonin : — 2^. Hcr- 

 barota, eftecmed among the peafant:^ of the Alps as a fudo- 

 rific againil worms, flatulencies, and intermittent fevers : 

 — 26. llgUiTica, marjoram-fcented M. having a ilrong fmcll, 

 as well as the lait, like maudlin : — 27. tanarcllf'Jia, taniy. 

 leaved M. a native of the Grilons, and not uncommon irt 

 t!ie paftures and valleys of the Alps. In the latl edition of 

 I^inncus, Gmelin enumerates 32 fpecies, omitting the 

 bipi.'innle, and adding the lobata, capiL:la, coronop'ifol'ia, Hal- 

 Uii, ni'craiilha, TmApUofa. 



All the fpecies of the ^IchUha may he propagated by part- 

 ing the roots either in fpringor autumn. The feeds of many 

 of them may be I'own in March or April, and they may be 

 tranfplanted at Michaelmas. They will flower the follow- 

 ing ftuumer. As they ai-e raoftly hardy, they will require 

 little care in the cultivation. Miller's l)ict. by Martyn.. 



Achillea hioilora. See Athanasia. 



Achillea montana. See Senecio. 



Achillea ianacetifoUa of Miller. Sec Chrvsanthe- 



MUM. 



Achillea, in the Materia Medica of the ancients, a name 

 given to the gum, which we at this time know by that of the 

 Sanguis draconis, or Dragon.'s blood. The ancient 

 Greeks called this cinnabari ; aud the ufe of the word for 

 the m.incral which we now call cinnabar, was only becaufe it 

 had -lie lame red colour with this gum. Avictnna, treat- 

 ing of the Achillea fays, it is othervvife called Sanguis, 

 draconis, and defcribes it as a real gmu, univeriaily knowa 

 in his time. 



Achillea, in jUncicnl Geography. See Leuce. 



ACHILLEIS, or AcHiLLEiD, in L.i.erary HiJlor\', a 

 celebrated poem of Statins, of the epic kind, in whicK he 

 propofed to deliver the whole hfe and attions of Achilles. 

 It only comprehends hii infancy ; the poet being prevented 

 from proceeding by death. It is a point controverted among, 

 critics, whether the whole life of a hero, e. g. of Achilles, be 

 a proper fubjeft of an epic poem ? 



ACHILLEON, in Ancient Geography, a town and pro- 

 montory of the Cimmerian Bofphoriis, where anciently was 

 the temple of Achilles ; now Capo d'l Croce, 



ACHILLES, in yfncienl H'ljlnry, the fon of Peleus and 

 Thetis, was one of the moft celebrated heroes of Greece. 

 He was born at Phthia in Theifaly. His rrother, it is 

 faid, dipped him in the river Styx, by which his v^hole 

 body became invulnerable, except the heel by which flie held 

 him. This relation, however, is not univerfally received ; 

 for it appears by Homer's account, (II. 1. xxi. v. 161, &•,■.) 

 that he v/as aftually wounded in the light arm by the li'.nce 

 of AfteropKUS, in a battle near the river Scamander. He 

 was entrulled alfo by Thetis to the care of the centaur 

 Chnon, who fed him with honey and the marrow of lions 

 and wild boars, in order to fit him for enduring martial toil, 

 and taught him horfemanlhip and the life of anus. When 

 file attempted, by conceahng him among young women at 

 the court of Lycomedes, to prevent his going to the fiege 

 of Troy, where, as ilie had been warned by an oracle, he 

 would be flain ; Ulyffes, being admonifhed by an old pre- 

 diftion that, without Achilles, the enterprife apainft Troy 

 would be unfuecefsiul, difcovered hint, and pei fuaded him 

 to follow the Greeks : his mother having procured for him 

 an armour made by Vulcan, which wss impenetrable. 

 During his concealment he is faid to have debauched one of 

 the king's daughters, of whom was born Pyrrhus, king of 

 Epirus. Paufanias obferves, that Homer has omitted this 

 circumftance as diflionourable to his hero, though it has 



been 



