A C H 



ACIMLLISI, Cl.1 



.Avnius, was rrand ncpl:ew of Alex- 

 ander. He was eminent as a phiiofopher, divine, lawyer, 

 orator, mathematician and poet. He read leftures at Fanna, 

 Ferrara and Bologna, the place of his nativity. His hopes 

 of preferment v.-erc repeatedly difappointed. At Isft, how- 

 ever, the duke of Parma appointed liim profefior of law, 

 with a good fnlar^'. He piiMllhcd a voliune of Latin letters, 

 and another of Italian poems at IJoloijna in 1632, which 

 giined him great rep'.itation. He was bom in 1574, and 

 died in 1640. Gen. Dic"l. 



ACHILLIS D:-no; Ax'^^iio; A;o,uor, in yli7rinil C'fljr.-r- 

 ^'|\', a pcninfula not far from Levce, or the ifland of Achilles, 

 and near the moufii of the Bon-IHiener-, in the Euxine fea ; fo 

 called from its being t!ic place whicl> the Grecian hero appro- 

 priated to his own ufe a^id that of his companions fur various 

 kinds of excrcife, a-id particularly tliat of running ; whence 

 Sfiyi f'-om i>f'f.'.v, to run. It is now called Fidonisi. 



ACHli'.lBASSf, t!ie name of an officer, who prefidcs 

 over the practic; of medicine at Cairo. His bufinefs is to 

 examine porfons offering to praftife phyfic in that city, and 

 to licenfe b.ily fuch as are found to be duly qualified. 

 This -.ras, without doubt, the inteiition of the appointment : 

 but as the Achirnbafli purchafes his office of the Bafia, the 

 pr!-.'ilc2;e of praftiiing ph)^ic there is granted to tlie perfons 

 otTering th; largeil fee, and not to thofe moll dillinguilhed 

 by knov.-led^e in their profeffion. 



ACHINOU Paji, in Giography, lies betwixt the iHand of 

 Negropont a:id the main in tiie Archipelago feti. N. lat. 

 39-- 4o\ E. long, if S5'- 



ACHIOTTE, a red drug from America, ufcd in dying, 

 and in the preparation of chocolate. The word is Brafi- 

 lian, and properly Cgnifies the tree from which this matter is 

 procured. Ray writes it Achiote. Achiotte is the fame 

 with what the Fr;nch frequently call roucoii, and the Dutch 

 orkane. It was formerly, and even by Mr. Ray himfelf, 

 deemed a kind of a;-gilla, or earth ; but later obfervers find 

 it to be a flower, or feed of a tree, which grows chiefly in 

 hot countries, as Yucatan crCampeclie, and Guatimala. It is 

 about th J fize of a plum-tree, only more tufted ; its branches 

 being longer than the trunk. The fruit is iiicloied in a 

 rind like a chefnut, except that it is of an oval figure. It 

 begins to open crofsways from the middle to the top, and 

 fiibdivides into four parts ; having ip the middle a beautiful 

 carnation-coloured flower. The tree has no leaves ; but 

 inftead of thefe fiwots out filaments like tliofe of fafFron, 

 only bigger and longer. Between thefe grovz little foft 

 verrr.iiion-coloured grains, about the fize of pepper-corns ; 

 which the Indians, feparating from the filament, bake 

 in cakes of about half a pound each ; in which form 

 the drug is brought into Europe. For the ufes to which 

 it if applied, and the method of preparing it ; fee Ann otto 

 and Roucou. See alfo BixA Orrlhna. 



ACHIROPOETOS. See Acheiropoieta. 



ACHIVI, in Anc'tent Hijtory, a name given by the Ro- 

 inan poets to the people of Greece, oi- Achaia. See 

 AcH/EAXs. Homer (II. 1. iii. v. 8.) ufes the term to cx- 

 prefs aU the enemies of the Trojans. 



ACHLEITTEN, in Geography, a town of Germany, 

 in the -circle of AuHria, on the Danube, four leagues 

 E. S. E. of Ens.. 



ACHLET, a town of Great Annenia, fituate on the 

 north fide of the lake Van, or Acramar, This toivn, 

 though fmall, is important to the Turks, becaufe it lies 

 on the frontier of their empire, and is well fortified. N. 

 lat. 39°. E. long. 7S° 20'. 



ACHLIS, in Z::ology, a name given by Pliny to the 

 Cervus Alecs, or Ei.K. 



A C H 



ACHLYS, ax'-"-'» literally fignifying a kind of cloud, 

 in Surgery, a darknefs or dimnefs of fight. It alfo denotes 

 a fmall fear or mark over the pupil, of a light blue colour, 

 and is fynonymouj with caligo corncx, or blindnefs from 

 opacity of the cornea. It is the leucoma nephclium of Sau- 

 vagcs, and is defcribtd to be a fpcck of the cornea, iomc- 

 wliat pellucid, which occafions objcdts to appear as if fcen 

 through fmoke, or a cloud, and therefore obfcured. By 

 oWique infpeftion it is difcovtred to be different from the 

 opacity of the aqueous humour, accompanying fome dif- 

 eafcs of the eye. This fpecies often arifes from a variolous 

 ophthalmy, or moill one, or whatever can render the cor- 

 nea opake. In infants, as they grow up, it often vanithes 

 fpontancoufly. The juice of pimpernel, cither the blue or 

 purple, drO])ped into the eye twice aday for a week, and 

 the juice of the common ilar-thiftle and blue-bottle, are 

 ufcful. Sugar-candy powdered is often fufficient. Emetic 

 wine, which is the leail hurtful, may be dropped into the 

 eye with advantage. The vapours of annileed, or fennel- 

 feed water, are of fervicc. See Wallii's Nofologia JNIetho- 

 dica oculorum. 



In a metapliorical fenfe, achlys alfo denotes a diforder of 

 the womb, aiifuering to what Latin authors cvMj'uff'ufo uteri. 



AcHLYS, in Mythology, is applied by fome Greek authors 

 to the firil Being, who exiiled before the creation of the 

 world, of chaos, and of the gods. 



ACHMET, in Biography, ai; Ardbian author, fuppofed 

 to have hved about the fourth centun-, wrote a book " On 

 the Interpretation of Dreanis, according to the doSrine of 

 the Indians, PeiTians, and Egj'ptians. The original is loll, 

 but it has been preferved by curiofily, or fuperilitious cre- 

 duhty in Greek and Latin. It was publiihed, together 

 with Artemidorus on Dreams and Chiromancy," by M» 

 Rigaud, at Paris, in 1 603, 410. Gen. Diet, and Gen.. 

 Biog. 



AcHMET I. empeixjr of the Turks, was third fon and. 

 fucceffor of Mahomet III. and afcended the throne before 

 he had attained the age of fifteen. His reign was attended 

 with various clrcumftanccs, both profperous and adverfe to 

 the Turkifh empire. The Afiatic rebeLi, who took refuge 

 in Perfia, involved the two empires in a war, during the 

 progrefs of which Bagdad was taken from the Turks, and 

 which lafted, with intemiiffions, for feveral years. In this 

 reign Tranfylvania and Hungary were the fcenes of warfare 

 between the Turks and Gemians ; and the fonner were af- 

 fifted by Bethlem Gabor and Potlkay. The tranquillity of 

 Achmet was difturbed by various difafters and calamities, 

 which occurred both by fea and land, by a pretender to his 

 throne, and by attempts on his life. His time, however, 

 was chiefly devoted to the gratifications of the haram, in 

 which he had 3000 women, and to the fports of the field, 

 for which purpofe he kept 40,000 falcontis, and nearly as 

 many huntfmen, in different parts of his dominions. He 

 expended large fums in building, and particularly on a 

 mofque which he erefted in tlie Hippodrome. Achmet 

 was lefs cruel than his prtdecefTors ; but he was haughty and 

 ambitious. His conftitution was ftronq;, and his life was 

 aftive ; neverthclefs he died at the age of 29, in 1617. His. 

 three fons fucceffively afceaded the throne after him. .Mod. 

 Un. Hifl. and Gen. Biog. 



Achmet II. emperor of the Turks, fon of Sultan Ibra- 

 him, fucceeded his brother Solyman, in 1691. This prince, 

 though devout and inoffenfive, chearful and condefcending, 

 ju'l and amiable in private life, was deftitute of tlie talents 

 necefTaiy for the exercife of fovereign power. He was 

 fond of poetr)' and mufic, in both of which he made fome 

 proficiency. He died in 1695, at the age of 50, requeftJDg 



his 



