A C H 



A C II 



liis fucceiTov M\iflaplin, to fpare the life of his fon. Mod. 

 Un. Hill, arid Gen. Biog. 



AcKMET III. emperor of the Turks, fon of M;il;omct 

 IV. was raifed to the throne on the dcpcfition of his bro- 

 ther Muibipha II. in 1703. His firit objcft after remov- 

 ing the mnlecontents, was to nmiifs wcahh ; a:id with this 

 v'ew he debafed the coin, and hid new taxes. Wlien 

 Charles XII. of Sweden, in 1709, after the battle of Pul- 

 tnwa, took refuge in the Ti;rk.ifli dominions, he was re- 

 ceived with great hofpitvlity ; and under the influence of 

 the fuhana ir.other, war was declared againft Czar Peter, 

 which terminated by the peace of Priith. The king, how- 

 ever, was at length (ibligtd to quit the Turkiih dominions. 

 Aehmet recovered the Ivlorea fro.m the Venetians ; hut in 

 his expedition into Hungaiy, in I'iS, his army was de- 

 feated by Prince Eugene, at the battle of Petervraradin, 

 Achir.et was led by his minifters and favourites, and their 

 influence frequently occafioned political revolutions. He is 

 faid, however, to have reforted in difguife to public places, 

 in order to difcover the fentiments of his fubicfts. At 

 length a fedition amongil the foldicrs caufed hi? dethrone- 

 ment in 1730, and the elevation of his nephew Mahomet V. 

 He was confined in the apartment whence his fucceflor had 

 been taken, and continued unmolefted till he was removed 

 by an apoplexy in 1736, at the age of 74 years. Aehmet 

 was a prince of moderate abihties, and good intentions ; but 

 confidence in his vizier obfcured the lulire of his reign, and 

 brought it to a fpeedy termination. Mod. Un. Hill. Gen. 

 Biog. 



ACHMETSHET, in Geo^r^ph, a town in the penin- 

 f da of the Crimea, the reiidence of the Sultan Galga, the 

 cldeil fon of the Khan of Tartai-y. It ftands on the largeft 

 river in the country. E. long. 52° 20'. N. lat.45'' 35'. 



ACHMIM, a large town of Upper Egypt, fituatcd on 

 the eaftern bank of the Nile : the Chemmis of Herodotus, 

 and Panopolis of Strabo. On a triumphal arch, fituate a 

 few loO yards fouthof the convent, and built of marble by 

 the emperor Nero, there is a Greek infcrlption, fays Mr. 

 Bruce, CTaii Sei;. The temple of this place, fays Abiilfeda, 

 is one of the nioft celebrated monuments of antiquity ; being 

 conftrufted of ilones of a prodigious fize, on which are 

 fculpturcd innumerable figures. There may ftill be traced 

 four concentric circles in a fquare ; the innermoll of which 

 contains the fun ; the two next are divided into twelve parts, 

 one containing twelve birds, and the other twelve animals al- 

 moft effaced, which appear to be the figns of the zodiac ; 

 the fourth prefents twelve human figures, which Savaiy 

 fuppofes to be the twelve gods reprefenting the twelve 

 months of the year, as the Egyptians, according to plero- 

 dotus, (1. ii.) firll divided the year into twelve months, and 

 the angles of the fquare, oa the lides of which maybe diftin- 

 guiflied a globe with v^'^ngs, are occupied by the four feafons. 

 This temple was probably dedicated to the fun ; and thefe 

 various hieroglyphics mark his pailage into the figns of the 

 zodiac ; whence Savary inters, that the Egyptians polfcffed 

 the knowledge of allronomy from the remotefl. antiquity. 

 The ferpent Haridi is the wonder of the neighbouring coun- 

 ti-y. Sehcilk Haridi, above a centuiy ago, died m this 

 pkicc ; and as he was deemed a faint among the Mahonii.- ■ 

 tans, they raifed a monument in honour of him, and one of 

 their pritfts perfuaded the people, that the foul of Haridi 

 paifed into the body of a ferpent. This artful prleif had 

 contrived to make a ferpent obedient to his voice, and he 

 pretended to perform a variety of tricks, and to cure many 

 diforders by means of this ferpent, which he confined to the 

 temb, and made the inftrument of great gain to himfelf. 

 The virtues of this ferpent are acknowledged by the Chrif- 



tians of the country as well as by the Tui!;?; ar.d t}:ey 

 maintain, that it is the dxmon Afmodeus, who flew the 

 fcven hulbands of Toblt's wife, and tliat he was brouglit 

 by the angel Raphael to this place, after mctamorphofing 

 him, and that God makes ufe of him to deceive the infidels. 

 Though Aehmim has loll miicli of its ancient fplendour, it 

 is ftill one of tlie moll beautiful towns of I'ppcr Eg^pt. It 

 is fubjeft to a well regulated police. The ilixets are wide 

 and clean, and commerce and agriculture llourilh in its vici- 

 nity. It has a manufafture of cotton, ihiirs, and potter^-, 

 which are conveyed over the wliolc of Egypt. Brute 

 (Travels, &o. vol. i. p. 98.) fays, that the air is bad, and 

 the afpeft of the inliabitants, of whom he fpeaks in very de- 

 grading terms, yellow and unhealthy. See Savar)-'s Let- 

 ters on Egypt, vol. i. p. 562, &c. There is in this town 

 a convent of religious Francifcans eilabhflicd for the pur- 

 pofe of entertaining the pcrfetuted CInilHans in Nubia. 

 They are chiefly Catholics, intermixed with Cophts and 

 Moors. The poultiy bred here, and fent down to Cairo, h 

 efteemed the bell in Egypt. But the great export from 

 Aehmim is wheat, the country about it being fowii with 

 that grain, and the crops being fuperior to any in Egypt. 

 They have alfo abundance of tl(h, particularly the Binny. 

 The women feldom many after fixteen ; and feveral were 

 feen with child who were under eleven years of age. 



ACHMOUNAIN, a village in Upper Egypt, about 

 four miles to the north of Melaoui, which is remarkable 

 for the ruins it contains, and particularly for a fupcrb portico 

 in good prefervation. On the frieze there arc carved feveral 

 hieroglyphics, which probably exhibit the hiilorv of the time, 

 the place, and the deity in whofe honour this monument, 

 was raifed. It is particularly dcfcribed by Savary. Letters, 

 vol. i. p. 546, &c. 



ACHNE, A;i;v)!, has various fignifications : fometimes 

 it denotes lint, at other times chaft', or froth of the fca. 

 Hippocrates ufes it to denote a white mucilage, obftr able 

 in the eyes of patients who have fevers, and alfo a white 

 mucus in the fauces, throvi'U up from the lungs. 



AcHNE, in Gcogmjihy, an ancient name given to one of 

 the illands of Rhodes, afterwards calhxl Cafes. 



Achne\ in Mcilicine. See Acrimonv. 



ACHOLLA, in ^Inc'unt Geography, z free city of Africa 

 propria, mentioned by Strabo and Stephanus ; called by 

 others Ac'iUa. Ptolemy has fixed its fituation between 

 Thapfns and Rufpx ; and Dr. Shaw (Trav. p. lit.) fuppofes 

 it to be the prefent Elalia, lying upon the boi-ders of a 

 fertil; plain, which extends from SaleCto to tlie vicinity cf 

 Sbeah. 



ACHOMBONE, in Geography, the capital of the can- 

 ton of AxiM, on the gold coall of Africa. It is defended 

 by a Dutch fort ; and the houfes are feparatcd by avenues 

 planted with fruit-trees, which fonri elegant viltas. The 

 river Axim runs through the town. 



ACHONRY, a fmall town of Ireland, in the province 

 of Connauglit, and county of Sligo, fituate on the river 

 Shannon. 



ACHOR, in Scripture Geography, a valley of Jericho, 

 Ivlng along the river Jordan, not far from Gi'gal ; fo 

 called from Achan, who was there Honed to death. 



AcHOR, in Mythology, the god of flies; to whom, ac- 

 cording to Pliny, the inhabitants of Cyrcne facrificed, in 

 order to obtain deliverance from thcfe infec\s, and the dif- 

 orders occafioned by them. 



AcHOR, in Surgeiy, a fpecies of hei-pcs, the cniftea laftca 

 of fome authors, and in England the feald-head. It is a 

 fort of fmall running ulcer on the face and head, chiefly of 

 children while they fuck, by which the (kin is broke into ■ 



a niuubcr 



