A C II 



a numSer of little holes, out of wliicli ifTues a vifcid hum'otir, 

 llki ichor, whence its name. When the dilcafe fpreads, 

 this ftriim dries, and forms a fcab. Achor differs from the 

 FAVUS and tinea only in the degree of virulence. When 

 the perforations are large, it is called favus, and tinea, when 

 tliey are like tliofc which arc made hy moths in cloth. By 

 tinea is generally iinderllood a dr\' fc.ib oa the haiiy Icalp ot 

 children, w th thick fcales, and an oficnfivc fmell ; and 

 when the diforder affcds the face, it h called crusta 

 /rtJf;!. Mr. Bell, in his trcalifc of ulcers, fays, that both 

 thefe may be reduced to the fame fpccies of herpes, iv'r. 

 the herpes puftulofus, as they differ only in fitiiation. Dr. 

 CuUcn confideis this difeafe as a fynonym of ulcus, where 

 he alfo places the crulla laclea, in llie clafs locale;, and or- 

 der d'lakfis. Wlien it happens to children, otherwfe 

 healthy,' it will be commonly fufficient to keep the belly 

 moderately lax, to prefcrvc cleanlinefs, and to relhici them 

 to a moderate diet. The hair (hould be kept fhort, and the 

 heed walhed with foap-fuds ; and an iffue may be of Icrvice. 

 "When the diforder is more violent, attended with much 

 itching, palenefs of countenance, and other unpleaiant 

 fymptoms, the fame method of treatment will generally fuc- 

 ceed. Small dofcs of calomel may be adniiniilered as an al- 

 terative, and the antmionial wine, at proper intervals, as 

 the ilomach will bear. The unguentum c pice may be ufed 

 externally two or three times a week ; or cream mixed with 

 chalk in tine powder. WHien the h.umoiir is repelled, warm 

 fudorifics fhould be ufed ; and thoiigh the cold-bath fliould 

 be avoided, the warm-bath will be beneficial. W'iien the 

 hair is Ihort, the part may be waflied with a lotion made of 

 aq. pur. J|>i. and gr. X. of hydrargyrus murlatus. Motherb. 

 Dift. by Wallis. See Acrimony and Tinea Capi- 

 tis. 



ACHRADINA, or as Cicero has it, Acrarina, in 

 Ancunt Geography, one of the cities, or divifions of Syra- 

 cufe, and the largefi:, moft beautiful, raoft fertile, and 

 beft fortified of the five. The others were the ifland 

 Nafos, or Ortygia, Tyche, and Neapolis ; to which was 

 afterwards added the hill called Epipole. It was 

 adorned, according to Cicero, (1. iv. c. 53, de Syracufis,) 

 with a very Ipacious forum, beautiful porticos, a vei-y 

 tlegant pr,-taneum, a capacious fenate-houfe, and a fu- 

 perb temple of Jupiter Olympius. The rocks of this 

 quarter of Syracufe, which are formed by marine depoli- 

 tions, poflefs the fingular property of diffipating or ab- 

 forbing the moifture of dead bodies fo fpeedily, that they 

 are preferved in vaults excavated for the purpofe, in 

 their proper form and habiliments. 



ACHRAS,orSAPOTA-PLUM, in Botany, a genus of the 

 Hexar.dna Monogyma clafs, and of the natural order of 

 Jiutiiof^. The characters are ; the calyx is a ptrianthium, 

 conr;it;ing of fix ovate, concave, erecl leaflets, the outer 

 broader and ihorter, and the inner coloured : the corolla is 

 one-pctalled, ovate, of the fame height with the calyx, with 

 the border cut into fix fubovate flat diviJlons, and fcales at 

 the jaws of the corolla, equal in length to the divifions, 

 narrower, fpreading, and eniarginate ; the flamina have fix 

 flioit awl-fhapcd filaments at the jaws of the corolla, alter- 

 nate with the divifions, bent inwards, and the anthers are 

 fliarp : the piftillnm has a roUndiih, flatted germen ; the 

 ftyle is awl-lhaped, and longer than the corolla-; and the 

 ftigma is obtufe : the pericarpium is a globofe, very fuccu- 

 leiit pomum, with twelve cells : the feeds are folitaiy, ovate, 

 fhining, fcarred on one fide, and pointed at the bafe. There 

 are four fpecies, -vi-z. i. The viammoj'a, or mammee fapota, 

 othcrwife called nippled S. or American marmelade, grov.-- 

 ing in America to the height of thirty or forty feet, with 



A C H 



leaves a foot long, and three inches broad in the middli, 

 cream-cloured flowers, and large oval fruit, eontainmg a thick 

 lufcious pulp, called natural marmelade ; this tree is planted 

 for the fruit in Jamaica, Barbadoes, Cuba, and moil of the 

 Wcfl; India ifia ids, and was cultivated here by Mr. Miller 

 in 1739: of this there is a variety, called the bully or nif- 

 berry buUy-trce, becaufe it is the tallefl of all the trees in 

 the woods : it is efleemed one of the befl timber-trees in 

 Jamaica. 2- The fapota, which grows to the height of 

 fixty or fcventy feet, without knots or branches, and bears 

 a round, yellow fruit, bigger than a quince, which finelU 

 well, and is of an agreeable tafle ; it is common at Panama, 

 and foine oth.er places in the Spanilh V\'ell Indies, but not 

 to be found in many of the Englifli fettlemcnts ; it was cul- 

 tivated here by Mr. .AliHer, in 1739. 3- Tlie dijfe&a, or 

 cloven-flowered S. cultivated in Malabar for the fruit, which 

 is of the form and fi/.e of an olive, having a pulp of a 

 fweetifh acid flavour ; its leaves are ufed for cataplafms to 

 tumors, bruifed and boiled with the root of curcuma and 

 the leaves of ginger, fuppL/fed to he a native of tlie I'hili])- 

 pine iflands, and probably growing in China, and found by 

 Fortler, flowering in September, in the ifland ol Tong.i- 

 tabu. 4. The falicifol'ia, or willow-leaved S. called in Ja- 

 maica white-bidly tree, or galimrta wood, which fupplie.s 

 good' timber; cultivated here by Mr. Miller, in 1758. The 

 bark of the fapota and mammofa is very a!*:ringent, and is 

 called CORTEX jfamaicenfs. This was once fuppofed to be 

 the true Jefuit's bark, but its eftcct on the negroes has been 

 pernicious. Thefe trees being natives of veiy warm cli- 

 mates, cannot be preferved in England, unlefs they are 

 placed in the waiTuefl; lloves, and managed with great care. 

 Miller's Dia. by Martyn. 



Gmelin has added the balafa, with ovatcd oblong leaves, 

 hoaiy underneath, and an oblong ovated pomum^ 



ACHRIDA. See Ochrida. 



ACHROCORDES of Java, in Natural Hijlory, one 

 of the genera of ferpcnts, in the fecond volume of Count de 

 la Ccpede'o natural hiilor)'. This genus is defcribed by M. 

 Hornfladt, a Swedifii naturaliil. Its body and tuil are co- 

 vered with little warts or tubercles ; its back is black ; itj 

 belly and tides are whitifli ; the latter are iTi:irked with Black 

 fpots ; the head is flat, and covered v.-ith fmall icales ; each 

 jaw of the mouth, which has a fmaU opening, is armed with a 

 double row of teeth, but it has no poitonous fangs : the 

 largefi part of the body is near the anus, and the tail is re- 

 markably (lender. The fpecimen from which this dcfcrip- 

 tion was taken meafured eight feet and three inches in 

 length ; its tail was eleven inches long ; and the greater 

 diameter of the body was above tlirte inches. It was a 

 female, and in it were found five young ones, completely 

 formed, and nine inches long. 



ACHROMATIC, compofed of x priv. and xfl^t co- 

 lour, and denoting icilhout colour, a term, fays M. de laf 

 Lande, fiinl introduced into his afl:ronomy, to denote tek- 

 fcopes of a new invention, contrived to remedy aben-ation 

 and colours. See Aberration and Telescope. 



ACHRONICAL, m yljlronomy. See AcRONVCHAL. 



xlCHSTEDE, in Geographx, a fmall town of the circle 

 of Ijower Saxony, in the duchy ot Bremen, two leagues 

 north of Bremen. 



ACHSTETTEN, a town of Gennany, in the circle of 

 Swabia, two leagues N. AV. of Augfburg. 



ACHTELING, a meafure for liquids ufed in Germany. 

 Thirty-two aclitehngs make a heemer ; four Iciltems or 

 fciltlns make ?.n achteling. 



ACHTIAR, in Geography, a fmall commodious haven 

 near Inkcrman in the Black. Sea. 



ACH- 



