A C M 



ACITLI, in Orn'iiioUiy, the common Mexican name for 

 the CoLYMTtis rrj/?<;.'/.-x, or <Trv,it ,vy/?<v/ G R F. Ii E , common 

 to Europe and America, and calkil by authors the Lkpus 

 aqueits, or water hnre. 



ACKEN, in Geo\irnt>hy, a bailiwick of Magdeburg, in 

 Gvrrmany, to which belongs a town of the fame name, 

 fituate on the Elbe. It formerly belonged to the dukes of 

 Saxony, and was hence called Aqiix Saxoniat. The reve- 

 ru'js ot" the fix vicarages of this town are at prefent levied by 

 the dean of the catliedral of Magdeburg ; but the church 

 was given in 171 1, to the Calvinilh. Bufching. 



ACKER Sound, lies north-eall from the Naze of Nor- 

 way, and north-well by well from the ifland of South "W" ix- 

 holm. Siller's Kland is alfo well by north from Acker four 

 leagues ; and behind it is th.e fmall port of Grafwick. 



AClvHMETCHID Gulph, is on the weft fide of the 

 Crimea, arid the fea through which fliips pafs to Precop, 

 and the north-well part of the Black Sea. Its weft cape is 

 N. lat. .-i.^" 35'. and E. long. 52" 20'. 



ACKElN's Key lies about 50 miles fouth-eaft fromLong 



■ifland, or Yuma, one of the Bahama idands, having Long 



Key twelve miles to the north-weft ; and on the fouth- 



caft fide a chain of rocks. N. lat. 22°. 10'. W. long. 73° 



30'- 



ACKNOWLEDGMENT Money, a fum paid in feme 



parts of England by tenants on the death of their landlords, 



as an acknowledgment of their new lords. 



ACKWORTH, a fmall village near Pontefrad, in the 

 . county of York, which deferves mention on account of the 

 benevolent inftitution fupported in it for the education of the 

 children of the Q_uakers. The original projector of this in- 

 ftitution was Dr. fothergill, who promoted a fubfcription for 

 purchafing, improving, and furnilhing an appropriate build- 

 ing, and an eftate of eighty aa-es of land ; and who, by his 

 will, endowed it with a liberal bequeft. This inftitution 

 accommodates more than 300 children of both fexes under 

 the fame roof, who are furniftied with all the neceflai-y con- 

 veniences and comforts of life, properly cloathed, and edu- 

 cated in every branch of knowledge, adapted to the ftations 

 in which they may be placed. It is conducted by a number 

 of chofen guardians of ability, and of exemplaiy chara£ler, 

 v/ith a degree of order and deconim, which affords pleafure 

 to perfons of eveiy dcfcription who occafionally vifit it. The 

 children are taught habits of regularity, of decency, and of 

 refpeclful fubordination to their fuperiors, of forbearance 

 and aifedHon to one another, and of reverence to their maker ; 

 .■>.ndtheyare accuftomedto that kindof filenceandrecolleftion, 

 which was praclifed in fome of the ancient fchools of philo- 

 fophy, and which give a pecuHar and diftinguiftiing charader 

 to the members of this fociety in the maturity of life. 



ACLIDES, in the Roman mUilary art, a kind of mif- 

 five weapon, having a thong fixed to it, by which, after 

 cafting it out of the hand, it might be drawn back again 

 .Scr.-ius defcribes the achda; as full of fpiculx, or eminences. 

 As it was fonned with fpikes, it would injure both where it 

 ftruck, and when it was withdrawn. Each warrior feems 

 to have been furniftied with two. Vofs. Etym. Aquin. lex. 

 Mil. t. i. p. 14. Pitifc. Lex. Ant. t. i. p. 17. 



ACLOWA, in Botany, the name of a plant common in 

 Guinea, and ufed by the natives to cure the itch. They 

 rub it on the body, as we do our unguents. Petivier ac- 

 counts it a fpeoies of colutea, and has named it the Guinea 

 feorpioide colutea, with leaves like the gum tragacanth 

 ftrub. Phil. Tranf. No. 268. abr. v. iv. p. 2. p. 322. 



ACME", the height or top of any thing. The word is 

 Greek, Cgnifies point, and is more fpccifically ufed to de- 

 note the height, or ucmcft. vehemence of a diftemper. 



A C O 



Accordingly fome inftitution-writers have divided difeafs* 

 iTito four ftates or periods: 1. ai-che, the beginning or firft 

 attack : 2. anabafis, the growth : 3. acme, the height ; and 

 4. paracme, which is the declenfion of the diftemper. 



ACMELLA, or Achamella, in Botany, a plant which 

 grows in tlie ifland of Ceylon and Ternatc, of which there 

 are three fpecies noted by botanifts ; two of which were 

 formerly referred to the genus Verbesina, in the Linnxan 

 fvllcm. It is commended in nephritic diforders, but very 

 rarely ufed. It is the Spilanthl'S Acnuila wilii ovated, 

 feiTated leaves, a ftrait ftem, and radiated flowers. It be- 

 came known in Europe by the letters of Hoiton, addr>.fti.d 

 to tlie Royal Society in 170 1. Phil. Tranf. vol. xxii. p. 760. 



^VCMODili, in Ancient Ge'igraphy, feven iilind:; in the 

 Lritiih fca, fuppofed by feme to be the Scilly iflands, but 

 by others, with greater {>rol)ability, thofe of Hetland and 

 Shetland near the Orkneys, on the coall of Scotland. 

 Pliny, H. N. V. i. p. 223. 



ACMON, in Ancient Hljtory, the name of one of the 

 Dactyli Id^ei according to Strabo, vol. ii. p. 726. Bry- 

 ant fays, (Mythology, vol. i. p. 513) that Acmon was a 

 Cyclopia!! deity, under which title he was worfliipped in 

 Phn.-gia, whence the name of Acmonia. He was alfo re- 

 verenced by the Amazonians, and there was a facrcd grove 

 upon the Thei'modon called acmonium, and held in great 

 repute. He is repi-efeiited by Callimachus (Hymn, in Dian. 

 V. 146.) as the tutelary god of Tii-yns, an ancient city of 

 Greece, whofe towers are faid to have been built by th-c 

 Cyclopians. 



ACMONIA, or in Peutinger's map Agmonia, ia 

 Ancient Geography, a town of Phiygia major, now in ruins. 

 Cicero, pi'O Flacco, cap. 15. calls the inhabitants v^i:/no;/fnto, 

 and the city Clvltas Acmonenjis. There are many medals of 

 this city in gold, bi'onze and filver. There was alfo a city 

 of the fame name, according to Ptolemy, in Dacia upon tlie 

 Danube, near the capital Sarmitz, which was the pofitioii 

 of the Roman colony, called Ulpla Trajana. 



ACNIDA, formed of a prro. and xno>i, a nettle, Virginian 

 hemp, in Botany, a genus of the dlcccla order, and pentandriei 

 clafs of plants, of the natural order oifeabrldtz and atrlpllces e>f 

 Juifisu, the chai-afters of which are as follow : the calyx of the 

 male is a five-leaved periantliium, and the leaflets ai-e ovate, 

 concave, acute, and membi-anaceous on the edge ; it has no 

 corolla ; and the ftamina are five, capillary, very ftiort fila- 

 ments ; and the anthers are verfatile, bUocular,, and foi-ked 

 each way : the calyx of the female is a many-leaved, linear, 

 deciduous involucre ; the perianthium is two-leaved, linear, 

 very fmall and permanent ; it has no corolla ; thepiilillum has 

 a fuperior, ovate germen ; the ftyles are five, long, reflex 

 and pubefcent ; the ftigmas are fimple : the pericarpium is 

 an ovate, compix'fled, many-angled fiuit, furrov.ed, and 

 covered with the fucculent calyx : the feed is folitary, round 

 and coinprefled. Thei'e is one fpecies, viz. A. cannablna, 

 which is a native of Vii'ginia, and fome other parts of Ame- 

 rica, but fcldom cultivated in Europe. It has little beauty, 

 and is apphed to no ufe. Martyn's Miller. In the Lin- 

 nccan fyftcm by Gmelin, it is a genus of the pentandrla pen- 

 tagytila clafs and order. 



ACNUA, in Rowan Antiquity, a meafure of land about 

 the quaiter of an Enghfli acre. 



ACO, in Geography, a town of Peru in S. America, in 

 the jurifdittion of Guanuco. It is alfo a river of Afi-ica, 

 that rifts in the mountains of Abyflinia, runs in a fouth-eafk 

 direftion, and difcharges itfelf into the Indian ocean. 



A CO, in Ichthyology, a name given to a fifh found in the 

 Mediten-anean, called alfo aquo,J'arachus and farachlnus. 



ACOEMETjE, or Acoemeti, formed of » pri-v. and 



