ADA 



ADAIA, Porte Je, a large harbour on tlic north-eall of 

 the idand of Minorca, well flickered by the inountains from 

 north-weft winds. It is north-eail of mount Toro. 



ADAIR's Harbour lies on the weft fide of Falkland 

 found, and nearly oppolite to Jordan's bay on the ea!l coalh 

 It is dirtinguilhed by a high hill to the noith-weft of it. 

 Within the harbour the water is from eight to ten fathoms 

 deep ; but the numerous rocks and breakers on the coaft 

 are d:mgerous. This harbour is by fome called Port 

 Howard. 



ADAL, in the fenfe of Paracelfus, fignifics that part of 

 plants in which their medicinal virtue conliils ; or the pure 

 and adive parts of plants, feparate from the impure and 

 inert. 



ADALARD, orADELARn, in B]o^raphy, the fon of 

 count Beni-rd, grandi'on of Charles Martcl, and coufin- 

 gcrman of Charlemagne, was bom about the year 753. 

 Havin T abandoned the court for the religious habit, he was 

 nominated by the emperor to the abbey of Corbie, and af- 

 terwards appointed prime miniiler to Pepin king of Italy. 

 In S23, he founded the celebrated abbey of New Corbie, 

 in Saxony; and died January 2, 826, at the age of 72, 

 much lamented by the virtuous and the learned. He was an 

 excellent linguilt, and denominated the Aaguftine of his 

 age. His principal work was, " A treatife concerning the 

 ♦' order, or the ilate of the palais, and of the whole French 

 " monarchy." Diog. Dicl. 



ADALiJERON, Aschlinus, was an ambitious pre- 

 late, and a fervile courtier. He was confecrated bilhop of 

 Laon in 977, and died in 1030. He is the author of a fa- 

 tirical po^m, dedicated to king Robert, of wh'ch an edition 

 ■was publilhed in 1663, in 8vo. by Adrian Valois, at the 

 end of the panegyric on the emperor Berenger. It contains 

 feveral curious hillorical fads. Biog. Diet. 



ADALBERT, a German divine of the tenth century, 

 archbifhop of Magdeburg, was educated in the monaftcry 

 of St. Maximin of Treves, and was employed in 961, to 

 preach the gofpel to the Ruffians. He was more fuccefsful 

 after his return from this embafly, in his labours among the 

 Sclavonians, on the borders of the Elbe and Oder. He died 

 in 98;. Dupin's Eccl. Hift. lothcent. vol. iv. p. 58. 



ADALBERT, bilhop of Prague, in the tenth centuiy, 

 was- one of the firft founders of the Chriftian religion in 

 Hnngar)'. He alfo preached the gofpel in Prullia and 

 Lithuaua, where he was murdered by Sego, a pagan prieiL 

 Dupin, uh] fupra. Mofheim's Eccl. Hiil. cent. 10. vol. ii. 

 p. 378, 8vo. 



ADALIDES, in the Spanlfh policy, are ofiicers of 

 juftice for matters that refpedt the military forces. In the 

 laws of king Alphonfus, the Adahdes are mentioned as of- 

 ficers appointed to guide and direft the marching of the 

 forces in time of war. Lopez reprefents them as a fort of 

 judges, who take cognizance of the differences arifing upon 

 excurfions, the diflribution of plunder, &c. 



ADALUS, in Ichihyology, a name given by authors to 

 the Sturgeon. 



ADAM, in Biography, the firft man whom God created, 

 and the original parent of the whole human race. He was 

 fonned by an immediate ad of divine power, out of the chijl 

 of the ground, as his name imports, on the fi:ith day in the 

 fcripture-an-angement of t!ie works of creation ; and God 

 breathed into his iirjlnh itilal breath, fo that he became a A'n- 

 /n^/-«/or perfon. Gen. ii. 7. We read alfo. Gen. i. 27. 

 that God created man in his O'wn image. He was then placed 

 in the garden of Edf.n, a particular diftrid which was pre- 

 vioufly ordained and adapted for his fubfiilence and accom- 

 modation. In procefs of time, probably after fome expert- 



ADA 



ence of the inconveniences of folitude, and after he had 

 found that the various animals which had pafled in review 

 before him, and to which he had given names, afforded no 

 proper companion, he was provided with a fuitable help- 

 mate ; wlio, being formed of a rib taken out of his ilde, 

 when he was in a deep fleep, as the hillory informs us. 

 Gen. ii. 2U was called Hii^N' o"" '^"'''''"on. Adam and Eve 

 thus created as fit affociates for each other, did not long 

 enjoy, v.-ith the fecurity and fatisfadion of innocence, the 

 happincfs which was defigned for them. In the garden, 

 which was the appointed place of their refidence, and from 

 the prodndions of which they were to derive the means of 

 their fupport, there was one tree, called the tree of the hnotu- 

 ledgf of good and evil, the fruit of which they were forbidden 

 to eat ; and the prohibition was enforced by the awful fanc- 

 tion, that in the day they did eat of it they JI:ould furcly die. 

 Gen. ii. 17. The woman, deluded by the mifreprefentation 

 of the ferpent, and bv the alluring appearance of th? fruit, 

 difregarded the prohibition ; and having herfelf tailed it, 

 gave it to her hufband, who likewife fliared her guilt ; and 

 they both became obnoxious to the threatened doo:-n. The 

 conl'equenccs of their tranfgreffion were iliame and fear. The 

 m.an was alfo fubjeded to labour, and the woman to the 

 pain of child-birth, and to the dominion of her hufband. 

 They were both excluded from paradife, and their return to 

 it was prevented by an a«'ful apparition, i, e. by cheruUns 

 and by a flaming fivord. Gen. iii. 24. 



After their expulfion from paradife, they had feveral 

 children ; bat of thefe the fcripture records the names 

 ooly of three, t;2. Cain, Abel, and Seth. The life of 

 Adam was prolonged to the age of 930 years. The time 

 of the death of Eve is not recorded in fcripture ; but fome 

 have prefumed to fay, that Ihe furvi"ed her hufband ten 

 years. Such is the concife account which the fcriptures 

 give us of the origin of the human race : but this account, 

 even if we allov/ Mcfes to have been the writer of it, was 

 not compiled till about 2300 years after the creation ; and, 

 in the opinion of many, it is either whoUy, or in part, fo 

 blended with allegory, that it is not eafy to give a latisfac- 

 tory explication of every circumftance to which it alludes. 

 Whether it be underftood hteniUy or allegorically, it fuggefls 

 many curious queflions, which have furnilhed fcope for much; 

 learned criticifm, and for a variety of fanciful conjectures. 



As to the etymology of the name Adam, the greater- 

 number of biblical interpreters have derived it from n^"Ti>f». 

 Adamah, fignifying the earth or mould, or as fome render it, 

 the red earth, of which he was formed. According to Mr.. 

 Bryant, Ad denotes^//;/?, or chief, and in this fenfe it may 

 be applied to the appellation Ad-am. This conjedure is con- 

 firmed by the ufe of the t.:\n\ protogonos, or Jirfl made, in 

 Sanchoniatho, which fecms to be the Greek tranflation of 

 the Egyptian title of Adam, taken, as this author profeffes, . 

 from the pillars of Thoth ; and alfo by a hint of tliat ad-- 

 mirable fcholar Sir William Jones, in his Afiatic Refearches, 

 who queries whether Adam may be derived from Adim, 

 which in Sanfcrit means the Jirfl, ar.d is the name of the firil 

 Menu. Mr. Parkliuril iuppofes the name Adam to be de- 

 rived from rn!2"T» daviuth, ufed for likenei's, (Gen. v. i.) 

 and thus to denote the likenefs of God, in which Adam 

 was created. Ludolphus (Hift. Ethiopia, p. 77.} deduces- 

 it, from the Ethiopic Adamah, which iig:afies leautifui, ele- 

 gant, or pleafant, and refers it to the abltlute pertedion of. 

 his frame and fhape, as being the mailer-piece, to fpeak 

 more humano, of his creator. But whatever be tlie true 

 etymology of the name, it is an appellative, rather than a 

 proper name, and comprehends both the fexes. 



The time of the year in which Adapi was created has 



been 



