ADA 



treated the materials of the human frame, which were left to 

 dry for forty d:iys, or as fo:ne fay, fo many years, with 

 contempt. The clay, it is faid, was animated by the Al- 

 mighty, and cr.do-.ved with an inteUigcp.t foul: and Eve 

 was formed after Adam had been placed in p^radife, out 

 cf his left fide. This paradife Mohammed conceives not to 

 Inve been on earth, but in the fcventh heaven. Wlien our 

 liril parents were call down from para'.iile, Adam is faid 

 to have falUn on the iflc of Serendib, or Ceylon, and Eve 

 near Mecca ; and after a fepinitioji of 200 years, they were 

 conduded to each other by tlic angel Gabriel, on a moun- 

 tain near Mecca, and afterwards removed to Ceylon, where 

 they propagated their fpccics. In this illand there is a 

 mountain called Pico ilc AJam, on which they (liew the 

 print of Adam's foot, of an enormous fize. Sale's Koran. 

 c. ii. p. 4. &c. The Rabbins and Muffulmans give ftrange 

 reports of Adam's knowledge. They afcribe to him 

 the invention of the Hebrew letters, and a degree of infpi- 

 ration, which enabled him to write a great number of books 

 on different fubiecls, particularly one on the, creation, and 

 another on the Deity. T'hey fay, that h« was the author 

 ofthe.92d pfalm, which was compofed immediately after 

 his creation. AVe have alfo an account among the apoci-y- 

 pl'.al writings of a book called the " Revelations of Adam ;" 

 and there is another mentioned by pope Gelafius, called 

 " Adam'a penance." 



Adam and Eve are honoured among the Greeks on the 

 Sunday preceding the feftiral of Chriftmas ; and on Feb. 4. 

 the firil day of their Lent, they commemorate their exclu- 

 fion froin paradife with religious mourning and humiliation. 

 In fomc Latin martyrologies there are fixed days for the 

 commemoration of Adam ; as March 25, April 24, and 

 Dec. 24. 



Of the opinion of Tatian concerning Adam, fee Ta- 



TIANITES. 



Adam jMelchior, a wi-iter of the 17th century, was 

 born in the dil^nct of Grotkaw, in Sikfia, and educated in 

 the college of Brieg. He was appointed reclor of a col- 

 lege at Heidelberg, where he publiflied his firll volume of 

 illuftrious men, " Vitae illuiiriorum virorum," in 1615. 

 This volume confided of philofophers, poets, writers on 

 polite literature, hiftorian?, &c. It was fucceeded by an- 

 other, in 1619, which treated of divines ; by another of 

 lawyers ; and by a fourth of phyficians, both which were 

 publilhed in 1620. The fubjefts of thefe volumes were the 

 lives of learned men, who were either Germans or Flemings 

 of the i6ih, and beginning of the 17th centuries: in 1618, 

 he publifntd a volume containing the lives of twenty divines 

 of other countries. All his divines, however, were pro- 

 tcftants. The Lutherans thought him partial, and will not 

 allow his work to be a ilanJard of the learning of Germany. 

 He wrote other works, fuch as " Apographum monu- 

 mentorum Heidelbergenfiuni ;" " Notas in orationem J. C. 

 Scaligeri pro M. T. Cicerone contra Cice-'onianum Erafmi;" 

 and " Parcdiae et Metaphrafes Horatians." The catalogue 

 of the Bodleian library afcribes to him the " Hiftoria eccle- 

 fiail. Hamburg et Bremen." which, according to Mr. Bayle, 

 •was written by Adam, a canon of Bremen, in the nth 

 century'. This work begins with the reign of Charlemagne, 

 and ends in the time of the emperor Henry IV. To this 

 work is annexed a dtfcription of Denmark, aiid the other 

 northern kingdoms, with an account of the religion and 

 manners of the inhabitants. The lail editicm, of it was 

 printed at Helmlladt, in 4to, in 1670. Bayle gives to 

 Melchioi- Adnm the charaftcr of an induflaous colleSor, 

 and acknowledges himfclf much kidebted to his writings. He 

 died in 1622. Gen. Dift. 



ADA 



Ajjam, Scotus, a doftor of the Sorbonne, who hvcd 

 in the 12th centurS'. He was born in Scotland, and edu- 

 cated in the monaftery of Lindisfarne, now called Holy 

 Illand, near Berwick upon Tweed. He afterwards went to 

 Paris, imd became a teacher of fchool divinity in the Sor- 

 bonne. Towards the clofe of his life he returned to his 

 native co'jnti-\-, and bi;c;uue a monk, ilrft in the abbey of 

 Melrofe, and next in that of Durham, where he wrote the 

 lives of Columbus, and of other monks in the 6th centur)'. 

 He alfo wrote the life of David I. king of Scotland, who 

 died in 1 153. His works were printed at Antwerp, in fol. 

 in 1659. Biog. Dicl. 



Adam, Lambert Sigisbert, an eminent f'^ulptor, was 

 born at Nancy, in 1 700, and finl inilructed by his father, 

 who exercifcd the fame profeffion. In 17 19, he came to 

 Paris for farther improvement. From thence he went to 

 Italy, where he fpent ten years, and fmiflied feveral conC- 

 dcrable worlis, one of which, i<iz. the relloration of tha 

 mutilated group cf tlie family of Lycomedes, difeovcred 

 by cardinal Polignac, in the ruins of the villa of Marius, 

 gained him great applaufe. He alio formed a model for the 

 fountain of Trevi, v.hich was much- approved, but he was 

 prevented from executing it by the jealouiy of the Italians, 

 After being admitted a member of the academy of St. Luke, 

 at Rome, he returned to Paris in 1733. Here he executed 

 feveral defigns for the decorations of palaces, gardens, &c. 

 of which the moll celebrated are, a group reprefenting the 

 union of the rivers Seine and Marne, at the cafcade of St. 

 Cloud, two groups of hunting and fifliing, Neptune calm- 

 ing the fea, the triumph of Neptune at VerfaiUes, the has 

 relief of the chapel of St. Adelaide, St. Jerome, Poetiy, 

 and Mars careffed by Love. In 1 754, he publiflied a col- 

 lection of ancient Roman and Greek fculpturcs, defigned 

 by himfelf, and engraved by able artiils, in folio. Excefs 

 of application brought on an apoplexy, of which he died in 

 1759. The llyle of his works is harlh and favage, re- 

 fembUng rocks by thsir deep cavities and afperities ; but 

 they manifeft an acquaintance with the antique, and furnifh 

 fpeeimcns of patient thought and labom-. Gen. Biog. 



Adam, Nicholas Sebastian, fecond brother of tlis 

 preceding, was born at Nancy, in 1705. From Paris, 

 whither he went for improvement, he removed to Rome in 

 1726, and afliduoudy applied for nine years to the ftudy 

 and imitation of the antique, devoting his leifure hours to 

 painting. In 1734, he came to Paris, and by his rrodeis 

 of CHtie, and the facrifice of Iphigenia, obtained the ap- 

 plaufe of the academy of painting. He alfo admirably fuc- 

 ceeded in his model of Prometheus chained to the rock. 

 His bas-relief for the chapel of VerfaiUes, refpefting the 

 martyrdom of St. Victoria, is reckoned one of his heft per- 

 formances. He affiiled his brother in executing the group 

 of Neotune ; and, in 1740, he obtained the apartment of 

 the deceafed RoufTeau, in the Louvre, which is a favour 

 granted onlv to excellent artifts. In 1747, he was urged, 

 by liberal oiTers, on the pait of Frederick king of Pruffia, 

 to remove to Berlin. His younger brother, to whom the 

 offer was made by the elder Adam, accepted the propofal ; 

 and Nicholas remained at Paris, where he was employed bv 

 king Staniflaus in executing a monument for his queen in a 

 maufolcum near Nancy. His laft performance was the Pro- 

 methcu!', which was greatly admired. This aitill was 

 eftimable for the fimplicity, integrity, and mildnefs of his 

 charafter, which conciliated the friendfhip <jf his brother 

 artiils. He loft his fight feveral years before his deaths 

 whieh happened in 1778, at the age of 74. Gen. Biog. 



Adam, Gaspard, was born at Nancy, in 1710, and 

 purfued the fame courfe of ftudies with his brothers above- 



Dientione-d. 



