ADD 



ADD 



■charged of courfe •when his debt was fatisfied. Pkifc. Lex. 

 Ant. and Calv. I,ex. Jur. 



ADDICTIO, Addiction, in the Roman La--", a tranf- 

 ferring or pafling o!" goods to another, citlicr bv fcnttncc 

 of a court, or in the way of ia!e, to him that bids molt for 

 them. The word Hands oppofed to ciliiui'io, or abdica- 

 tion. It is formed of aJdico, one of tlic ilated words ufed 

 by the Roman jndircs, when they allowed tlie delivery of 

 the thing or perlon on whom judgment had palled. Hence 

 goods, thus adjudged by the prator to the right owner, 

 were Culled io;/(Z <7(/(//i?rt ; and the debtors delivered up, in 

 like manner to their creditors to work out their debt, were 

 called Jirvi acliUcfi. 



Addictio in diem, denoted the adjudging of a thing to 

 a perfon for a certain price ; unlets by fucli a day the owner 

 or fome other perlon gave more for it. 



ADDINGTON, Anthony, m Bkgraphy, finidied his 

 lludics at Trinity College, Oxford, where he took his de- 

 gree of doftor in medicine, i 744. I le then fettled at Read- 

 ing, in Berkfliire, and there acquired confiderable reputa- 

 tion for his judic'ous and fuccefsful method of treating 

 dileafes. About the year 1754 he came to I^ondon, and 

 in 1756 was made Fellow of the Royal College of Phyfi- 

 cians, and foon attained that eminence in his profeilion, to 

 which he was entitled by his genius and talents. In a few 

 years after, the indiiTerent ihite of his health obliging him 

 to quit London, he returned to Reading, where he opened 

 a houfe for the reception of maniacal patients. In 1789 

 he was fent for to vilit his prefent Majeily, then labouring 

 under a fevere fever, and was the firll of the phyficians 

 attending him, who gave a favourable prognoftic of the 

 event of the complaint, which was foon after verified, to the 

 great fatisfaftion of the country. The doftor died at Read- 

 ing, on the 2 1 ft of Maich, 1790. While pratlifmg in 

 London he became acquainted with the great Mr. Pitt, 

 afterwards Earl of Chatham, with whom he lived in the 

 Itrictell intimacy. It was on the recommendation of his 

 lordlhip's fon, then Chancellor of the Exchequer, that he 

 was called on to vifit his Majefty. By the fame intcreft 

 Henry Addington, Efq. his eldefl fon, was made iirlt 

 fpeaker of the Houie of Commons, and having filled that 

 arduoi'.s ofKce, nearly through two parliaments, with great 

 reputation, he was raifed, by his Majefty, in March, 1801, 

 to the high dignity of Chancellor of the Exchequer, whica 

 hi^ friend and patron had refigned. 



The only publication we have of the doctor's, is an effay 

 on the fea fcurvy, printed -1753, containing an account of 

 a method of prefer\'ing water fweet in long voyages. This 

 was propofed to be effcifted by mixing a portion of the 

 acid of fea fait, with the water. A more effeflual mode 

 has been fince difcovered by Mr. Henry of Mancheftcr. 



ADDISON, Lancelot, in Bkgraphy, the fon of a 

 clergyman of the fame name ; was born in the parifh of 

 Croiby Ravenfworth, in Weftmorland, in the year 1632. 

 Having received the rudiments of claifical learning in the 

 grammar fchool of Appleby, he was fent to Q_iicen's Col- 

 lege, Oxford, in 1650, and admitted to the degree of bat- 

 chelor of arts in 1654; and diitinguifliing himfelf by his 

 genius and application, he became mafter of arts in 1657, 

 and in 1 658 he was felcfted to be one of the Terrs fiU'i for the 

 aft v/hich was celebrated in that year. As in the orations 

 delivered on this occafion he reflected on the perfons then 

 in power, he was obliged to recant and allc pardon on his 

 knees. After this he foon retired from the univerlily, and 

 chofe for his reti-eat the neighbourhood of Petworth in 

 Suffex, where he ^caloufly propagated prmciplcs of loyalty 

 to the king, and of attachment to the churcli. Upon the 



refloration of King Charles II. he was rccotnir.cndcd to Dr. 

 King, bifl'.op of Chichefter, who would have provided for him, 

 it he had not prcvioullyengaged to go tc Dunkirk,a3 chaplain 

 to the gariilon. When that place w-as delivered up to th.e 

 French iji 1662, he accepted the lame office to the garrifon 

 of Tangier, but returned to England in 1670, and was made 

 one of the chaplains in ordinary to the king. After ilruff- 

 ghng with fome difhcullies by the lofs of his thaplainfinp 

 at Tangier, he obtained a reAoiy in Wilts, and one of the 

 prebends in the cathedral church of Sanun ; and in 1675, 

 took the degrees of batchelor and doftor in divinity at Ox- 

 ford. Thus advanced and decently provided for, he lived 

 in the countiy with hofpitality, dilchargcd his parochial 

 duty with diligence, and devoted his Icifure houra to writ- 

 ing on behalf of religion and the tftablifiied church. la 



1683 he was initalleu into the deanery of Litchfield, and in 



1684 collated to tlie archdeaconry of Coventry, which he 

 held with his deanery in commcndam. After the Revolu- 

 tion he might, it is faid, have been made a bifltop, if he had 

 not, in the convocation of the preceding year, and on other 

 oce;dions, manifefted a degree of zeal for the church 

 which afforded a pretext for mifrtprefenting him to perfons 

 in power. His integrity, however, was unqneftionable, and 

 his literary reputation univerfally acknowledged. He de- 

 parted this life on the 20th of April, 1703, in the 71 ft year 

 of his age, and was buried in the church-yard of the cathe- 

 dral at Litchlicld. He was twice married, and had tliric 

 fons and three daughters by his lirft wife ; but by his fecond 

 wife, who furvivcd him, he left no iilue. The trcatifes 

 which he pub'.ilhcd are as follow : viz. 1. Welt Barbary, or 

 a Ihort Account of the Revolutions of the Kingdoms of 

 Fez and Morocco, &c. 1671, 8vo. 2. The prelent St. te 

 of the Jews, &c. with an annexed Difcourfe on the Mifchna, 

 Gemara, and Talmud, 1675, ^'•''^- .V 1''"^ primitive Inlli- 

 tution, or a feafonable Dilcourfe of Catechifmg, S:c. 4. 

 A modeft Plea for the Clergy, &c. republilhed by Dr. 

 Hickes in 1709, 8vo. 5. The firll State of Mahometifm, 

 &c. 1678, 8vo. 6. An Introduftion to the Sacrament, 

 &c. 1681 ; repnblilhed with an appendix, called the Com- 

 municant's Affiitant, 5cc. in 1686, i2mo. 7. A Difcourfe 

 of Tangier, &c. 1685, 4to, fecond edition. 8. The Cate- 

 chumen, 1690, i2mo. 9. An hiftorical Account of the 

 herefv, denying the Godhead of Chrill, 1696, i2mo. lo. 

 The Chriftian's daily Sacrifice, or right Performance of 

 Prayer, 1698, i2mo. 1 1. An Account of the Millennium, the 

 genuine Ufe of the two Sacraments, viz. Baptifm, and the 

 Lord's Supper, with the Chrillian's Obligation frequently 

 to receive the latter, 



Addij ON, Jofeph, the fon of Dean Addifon, the fnbjeft 

 of the preceding article, was born at Million, near Abro- 

 fbur)', in Wiltfliire, May i, 1672, and being unlikely tp 

 live, was baptized the fam.c day. Mr. Tyers fays, that 

 he was laid out for dead as foon as he was born. At 

 the Charter-Houfe, whither he was removed at an carn- 

 age, and where he was under the tuition of Dr. Ellis, he 

 commenced an intimacy with Mr. afterwards Sir Richard 

 Steele, which lalled during life. At the age of 15 he was 

 entered of Qiieen's College, in Oxford ; and there he foon 

 acquired an elegant Latin ftyle, of which a fpecimen ap- 

 peared in a copy of verfcs that fell accidentaUy into the 

 hands of Dr. Lanealler, afterwards provolt of Qjieen's Col- 

 lege, in 1687, and which induced him to procure the elec- 

 tion of Mr. Addifon a:, a demy of Magdalen College in 

 1 689 : where he took the degrees of batchelor and mailer 

 of arts. His Latin poetry, in the courfe of a few years, 

 gained him the reputation of a great poet ; and his poems 

 m this language, eight of which were puWilhed in the lecond 

 D d 2 volume 



