A D E 



iiicreafed in eonfeqiience of the fuccoiir given to the latter 

 by the Poitiiguefe, and the alarm occaliontd by theiv Uib- 

 niiffion to the authority of the Roman fee. At length, 

 however, the Portuguefe were totally exjjelled, and the 

 kingdom of Adel became tributary to the Grand Signior. 

 The kings of this country have been for a long time in iiigh 

 favour at the Porte, and dignified with the title of Saints, 

 on account of their fingular zeal, and frequent wars againll 

 the Chriftians. Nevertlielefs the Svdtans have contrived to 

 ftrip them of their moil confiderable maritime towns on the 

 Red Sea : fo that they have now no port left, except that 

 of Zeila, the rell being all in the hands of the Turks. By 

 thefe means the kings of Adel are precluded from maintain- 

 ing any intercourfe with Europe. 



The country, though it has fcldom any rain, is fo well 

 watered by rivers and canals, that it is very fertile and pro- 

 ductive. It has plenty of wheat, barley, and millet ; and 

 a great variety of (heep, cows and other cattle. Some of 

 the flieep have large tails, which weigh between 20 and 30 

 pounds. But the chief trafilc of the inhabitants confills of 

 gold duft, elephant's teeth, frankincenfe and negro-daves, 

 which tliey procure from Abyffinia with which they are al- 

 moil always at war, and convey to the port of Zeila, where 

 ihey find purchafers from Arabia, Cambaya, and other parts. 



The Adelites, called Gibbertis, are a ftout and war- 

 like people, and fight with furprifing intrepidity againil the 

 Abyfllnians, partly from a zeal for religion, and partly with 

 the hope of plunder : and they are furniflied by the Turks 

 and Arabs with a variety of fire-arms. Their complexion, 

 particularly on the northern coaft, is of a tawny brown, and 

 towards the fouth it is of a more deep black. Their drefs 

 chiefly confifts of a piece of cotton, which covers them 

 from the girdle to the knee, the reft of the body being 

 naked : but the king and nobles wear a kind of loofe gar- 

 ment that covers the whole body, and a cap over the haad. 

 All, and efpecially the women, are fond of adorning their 

 necks, arms, wrifts, and ankles with bracelets of glafs, 

 amber, and other fimilar trinkets. 



ADELARD, or Athelard, in Biography, a bene- 

 dicline monk of Bath, flouriihed about the year 1 130, and 

 for the fake of mathematical knowledge, travelled into 

 France, jSpain, Germany, Italy, Egypt and Arabia, and 

 is faid to have fettled at Paris, where he acquired reputation 

 as a teacher of medicine. He tranflated Euclid, among 

 other Greek w-riters, out of Arabic into Latin ; and alio 

 an Arabic work, intitled " Ericheatarim," upon the feven 

 planets. He wrote a treatife on the feven liberal arts, compre- 

 hending, according to the language of the times, the tri- 

 vium and (fiadriviuin. He is alfo faid to have written many 

 books of phyfic and medicine, which are loll. Wallis, in 

 his Algebra (p. 6.) mentions the prefaces to two MS. books 

 of Travels ; one or both of \\'hic!i had noticed the travels 

 of Athelardus Bathonenfis, which had been cited by Vof- 

 fius, who fays that he was learned in ail the fciences of his 

 time ; but thefe have fince been cut out of the books in 

 Corpus Chrifti and Trinity colleges, Oxford, and carried 

 away : — a fpecies of larceny, vi-hich, in the RepubUc of Let- 

 ters, deferves to be treated as a capital offence. 



Adelarp. SeeAD.^LARD. 



ADELBERG, in Geography, a town of Germany, in 

 the duchy of Wurtemberg ; two leagues fouth-eaft from 

 Schorndorff. See Adlesberg. 



ADELBOLD, in Biography, a monk of Lobes- in the 

 diocefe of Liege, and afterwards bifliop of Utrecht, wrote 

 the hie of his emperor Heniy II. furnamed Claudius, with 

 \vhom he was a favourite. He was made bilhop of Utrecht 

 iji 1008, and died 1027. 



A D E 



ADEL-/V/J, in Ichthyology, a name given by fomc au. 

 tliors to the Lavaretiis, or albula nobilis. 



ADELFORS, in Geography, a gold-mine in the pro- 

 vince of Smoland, in Sweden, difcovcred in I73y, Ducats 

 arc coined with its gold. 



ADELHOLZEN, or A-oelmoetz, in Crogmphy, a 

 town of Germany in the circle of Bavaria, famous lor its 

 medicinal baths ; four miles fouth of Traunilein, 



ADELIA, formed of aSnXo^, uncertain or ohfcure, in 

 Botany, a genus of the diorcia monadelphia clafs and order, 

 of the natural order of tricocca aiid euphorbitr of Juflieu. Its 

 charadlers are, that the male calyx is a onc-lcafed, tripar- 

 tite perianthium, with oblong and recurved leaflets ; it has 

 no corolla ; and the flamina are numerous, capillary fila- 

 ments of the length of the calyx, united into a cylinder at 

 the bafe ; and the anthers are roundllh : the female calyx is 

 a five-parted perianthium, the parts being oblong and jier- 

 maneiit ; no corolla ; the pilUllum has a roundifli gcrmen, 

 three very fhort divaricate ilylcs, and torn ftigmas ; the pe- 

 ricarpium is a tricoccous, roundilh, thrcc-ccUcd capfule ; 

 and the feeds are folitary and roundifli. Tiicre are three 

 fpecies, \v/,. A. bernardia, the villous-lcaved beniardia ; A. 

 ricinclla, Imooth-kaved bernnrdia ; and A. ncidolon, or box- 

 leaved adclia. Thefe flirubs grow naturally in the ifiand of 

 Jamaica, and are nearly allied to the croton. The fecond grows 

 to the height of eight or ten feet ; the third rcfembles a 

 young ebony, and does not rife above four feet high. They 

 may be propagated by feeds brought from the countries 

 where they grow. Martyn. In the lall edition of Lin- 

 nxus by Gmelin, this genus is ranked under the monadelphia 

 icofandria clafs and order. 



ADELING. SeeAxHELiNG. 



ADELLA, Adalus and Adano, in Ichthyology, mma 

 given to the sturgeon. 



ADELLUM, in ^Indent Geography, a town of Spain, 

 north-weil of lUicis. 



ADELM, or Aldhelm, m Biography, fon of Kenred, 

 and nephew of Ina, king of the Weft-Saxons, was a learn- 

 ed Enghlbman, who fluuriflKd about the year 6P0. He 

 was firft Abbot of Malmfbury, and afterwards bifhop of 

 Sherburn. He was much efteemed, and is laid to luivobeen 

 the firfl Enghfliman who wrote in Latin, and the firft who 

 brought poetry into England. He compofed fevcral books, 

 not only in theology, but in the mathematical fciences, as 

 arithmetic, aftrology, and de difciplinis philofophorum. He 

 died in 709, in the monallcrj' of Malmfbury, and is ho- 

 nourably mentioned by Bcde and William of Malmfbuiy, 

 and alio by Bale and Camden. He was canonized, and 

 many miracles are afcribed to him. 



A'DELMANoFELDEN, in Geography, a town of 

 Germany in tlie circle of Swabia, two leagues weft of 

 Elwangen. 



ADELNAU, or Odelno, a town of Poland, feven 

 leagues fouth-wefl of Kalifli. 



ADELPHI, a fmall illand in the Grecian Archipelago, 

 about a league eafl-fouth-eaft of Scopelo. 



ADELPHIANI, in Church IJiJory, a fcfl fo called 

 from their leader Adelphius, who kept the fabbath as % 

 fart. 



ADELSCALC, in ylncient Cujloms, denotes the fer- 

 vant of the king. The word is alfo written Adelfcalche, 

 and Addelfcalcus. It is compounded of the Gennan add 

 or cdct, noble, and fcalc, fervaitt. Among the Bavarians, 

 adelfcalcs appear to have been the fame with royal thanes 

 among the Saxons, and thofe called niiiiijlri regis, in ancient 

 charters. 



ADELSDORF, in Geography, the name of two fmall 

 E e 2 towns 



