A D E 



which ^n-as tauj^Iit and tranfmitted in tlif Ccliools, phUofoph'ta 

 thmtntfins. Such is tlie nature, fays Paracclfus, of this 

 hij^litr pliiiofopliy, that it does not orijyinate from man but 

 from heaven ; and one mortal can no more communicate it 

 to another, than the paper on which letters art traced, can 

 of itfelt declare their meaning. Hence the cnthufiads who 

 rave themfelves up to this kind of lludy, intilled them- 

 iclves pb'iloftiph'i ad<pti, as they fpoke of others by the name 

 oi phllvfophi tcrreni. Van Hclmont alfu fays, " vocantur hi 

 ililipfi quorum fctlor fpintus Dei eji" ( ile tnc^net. vuln. curat. 

 119.) " Adepts are thole who are guided by the Ipirit of 

 God." 



Ori'^iually, however, tiiis flattering epithet was common 

 to fevcral Iciences, for Paracelius exprefsly mentions adept 

 theology, adept geometry, adept medicine, &c. All thefe 

 Iviblirae dillinftions are however fallen into neglecl, ar.d the 

 believers in the philofopher's ftone have alone retained pof- 

 feflion of the title of adepts. The term therefore in the vo- 

 cabulaiy of the alchemills, means a perfon, who, befides 

 being a mailer of all that has been written, or is current by 

 tradition, relative to the occult qualities of bodies, has by 

 contemplation, and in fome myfte;ious manner, aequb'td an 

 inlight into thofe fecrets of nature, on which depend the 

 tranfmutation of metals, and the univerfal medicine. It was 

 a tradition ^mong the adepts, tliat the number of perfons 

 thus divin-vly initiated, was never either more or Icfs than 

 twelve. The moil ce!:brated of tins fraternity are Ray- 

 mond Lully, Paracelfus, Van Hclmont, and Ifaac Hol- 

 landus •. men fuperior in real chemical knowledge to nioH of 

 their contemporaries, but who were ltd partly by thyir own 

 vanity and love of myllicifm, and partly by the eafy and 

 eager credulity of the public to be contented with the fame 

 of cor.iurers, when they might have deferved the notice of 

 pollerity as philofophcrs. 



The term adepts is fometlmes more generally applied to 

 thofe v\-ho are proficients in any kind of fcience. 



ADEQLTATANGIE Creeh, in Gfc-^/Y-/>,!y, is the eaftern 

 head water of Sufquehannah river, in the ilate of New 

 York. 



ADEQITATE, fomething equal to, or co-extended 

 with, another ; and filling the whole meafure and capacity 

 thereof. 



In this fenfe the word Hands, oppofcd to iNADErvirATE. 



Adequate, or loial, in Lo^ic, is applied to the objcfts 

 of fcience. The adc-qnnte objett of a fcience includes the 

 ma!cnal Tmd. forma! oh\iGt : the iv.ateria! objed of a fcience 

 is that part which is common to it with other fciences ; the 

 formal is that which is peculiar to itfelf. 



Adeq,uatr ideas, or notions, in ]\Tetaph-jfics, are fuch 

 images or conception cf an cbjeft, as perfectly reprclent it, 

 or anfwer to all the parts and properties of it. 



M. Leibnitz defines an adequate notion to be that of whofe 

 feveral charadlers we have diftincl ideas. — Thus, a circle 

 being defined, a figure bounded by a curve line which retinais 

 into itfelf, and whofe points are all equally diftant from a cer- 

 tain intermediate point therein, our notion of a circle is 

 adequate, if we have diilinft ideas of all ti'cfe circumRances, 

 viz. a curve returning upon itfelf, a middle point, an equa- 

 lity of diftance, &c. 



All fimple ideas are adequate and perfetf ; and the fa- 

 culty, be what it will, that excites them, reprefents them 

 entire. 



The ideas of modes are likewife adequate, or perfeft ; 

 except of thofe niodts which occafionally become fub- 

 ftancci ; for when we fptak of modes feparately exifting, 

 we or'y confider them feparate from the fubllar.ce by way 

 of abllrasSJon. 



A D E 



All abftrafl ideas are alfo adequate and perfefl ; /ince 

 they reprcfent all tiiat part of the fubjed wlileh we tlua 

 ccnihder. — Thus, the idea of roundiufs is perfcdl, or ade- 

 quate, b.'caufe it oflers to the mind all that is in roundnifs, 

 in general. 



Of the fame kind are all ideas, of which we know no 

 original, or external objtcl really exilling out of the rriind, 

 by oecafion of which they were excited in us, and of which 

 we think them the images. Thus, when a dog is before us, 

 it is the external cbje't without us which raifcs the idea in 

 our mind ; but the idea of an animal in gcnend, has no ex- 

 ternal objtft to excite it : it is created by the mind itfelf, 

 and mull of neciflity be adequate or perfect. 



On the ccnitraiy, the ideas of all lubllances are inadequat* 

 and imperfeft, which are not formed at the plcafurt of the 

 mind, but gathered from certain properties, which experi- 

 ence difcovers in them. 



This is evident, becaufe our knowledge of fnbflances is 

 very defedlive ; and we are only acquainted with fome of 

 their properties : thus, we know, that filver is while, that 

 it is malleable, that it melts, &c. but we do not know what 

 farther properties it may have ; and %vc are wiioUy ignorant 

 of the inward texture of the particles whereof it con- 

 fids. — 0\n- idea of filver, therefore, not reprefenting to 

 the mind all the properties of filver, is inadequate and iin- 

 perfecl. 



ADER, GuiLr.AUMr, m Biography, praftifed medicine 

 at Touloufe in the begiiniing of the 17th century ; and 

 pulilllhed " Enanationes de iEgrotis et Morbis in Evan- 

 gelia." Tolofa?, 1620, 4to. " De pellis Cognitione, Prae- 

 vifione et Rcmediis." 1628, 4to. 



Ader, Eder, Ha!, ad or Hired, \\\ ylncient Geography, 

 a town thus varioufiy called, allotted to the tribe of Judah ; 

 which, before that diflribution was made, is faid to have 

 been the capital of Arab, one of the Canaanitidi kings. 

 This prince attacked and vanquidied the Ifraelites before 

 their entrance into the promifcd land. The town was fituated 

 to the fouth, and near the lake Afplialtltes. 



ADERAIMIN. See Alderaimin. 



ADERANPATANAM Bay, lies about north-weft by 

 we'd fnnn Point Pedro, in the ifland of Ceylon, and weft 

 by fourli from Calimer Point, on the coad of Coromandel. 



ADERBIGAN, or Ad^rbeitzan. Sec Aiderbeit- 



2AN. 



ADERBORGH, a fmall town of the circle of Upper 

 Saxony, in Pomerania, belonging to the king of Pruflia ; 

 three leagues north-wed of Stetin. 



ADERBOURG, a fmall town in Germany, in the 

 marche of Brandenburg. 



ADERCAN, a town of Perfia, iu the province of Lu« 

 rillari'; to leagues north-ead of Laar. 



ADERCO, in Ancient Geography, a town of Iberia, 



ADERKAN, in Geography, a town of Perfia, in the 

 province of Farfiftan ; 45 leagues fouth of Sehiras. 



ADERNO, a fmall place in the Val di Dxmonain Sicily, 

 anciently called AJranum, and iituatc near the river Fiume 

 d' Aderno, at the foot of Mount Gibcl. E. long. 15^ 25'. 

 N. lat. 38^ 5'. The remains of the walls of this ancient 

 city ftill retain an air of grandeur. The pretended temple 

 of Adrauo in the vicinity of it is nothing more tl'.an a bath, 

 condrudled of bricks and lava, in the lower period of aiiti- 

 quilv, when hoih Sicily and the Roman tm.pire had loft all 

 their eminent artiils. See Houel's Vcy. Pittortfque dea liies 

 de Sicile, vol. ii. N^. 26. 



ADERSLEBEN, a town of Germany, in the princi. 

 palily cf Ilalbcrdadt ; 16 miles fouth-eaft cf Halbcrftadt, 



ADES, or Hades, Lin;, from a and il-^i, 10 fee, denote.- the 



invifible 



