A D H 



A D H 



to it. The term adfeAcd, or affcfted, is faid to have been 

 introduced by Victa. 



AUFILIATION is ufe-d to fitrnify a Goibic cultom, 

 where a perfon remarrying, who has children by a former 

 bed, renders them capable of inheriting equally with the 

 common children of both parties. This ii done by agree- 

 ment, and is otherwifc c:dleil by fomc adoplio per tiuilrimo- 

 mum. This cullom is ftill retained in Germany, under the 

 name e'lndk'tndchafft, and iimo prolhim. But the learned liiu- 

 neccius obferves, that the unio prohum is not an adoption. 

 Elem. Jur. Germ. torn. i. § i6l. 



AD FINES, in y^ncinit Geography, a town of Switzer- 

 land, fuppofed to be the modern Pjhi, in the north of the 

 diftrift of Turgaw, on the river Duro, or Thur, not far 

 from the borders of Swabia, about half way between Con- 

 ftance and Fraven field. It is fo called, becaufe at the time 

 when C:scinna, the general of the emperor Vitellius, with the 

 auxiliary Rhctians, defeated the Helvetii, the former ex- 

 tended their borders thus far ; and in the time of the Ro- 

 mans, it was the laft town of repute in this quarter. 



ADGADNA, in d'ozmphy, a town in the Guan, one 

 of the Mariana iiles in the South Sea. 



ADGE, Agde or AuDE, is a river that falls into the 

 gulf of Lyons. It is north-eail from Narbonne, between 

 Beziers and Montpelier, and forms a good bay. 



ADHA, among the Mahometans. See Batram. 



ADHAD-Eddoulet, in Hijhry, fecond prince of the 

 race of Buiah, or Dilamites, was born about A. D. 935, 

 and fucceeded his uncle, Amad-eddoulet, in the empire of 

 Perfia ; and by the additions he made to it, became the moft 

 powerful prince in the eaft. In 977, he became emir and 

 mailer of Bagdad, and direfted his attention to the im- 

 provement of his extcnfive dominions. He built hofpitals, 

 founded mofques, cleanfed the beds of rivers, and recovered 

 and rendered more falubrious large trafts of land. He en- 

 couraged htcrature and poetry, and cultivated a tafte for 

 fciencc, and a proficiency in that kind of knowledge which 

 was moft elleemed among the Arabs. By marr^'ing one of 

 his daughters to the caliph Al Tay, he mingled the blood 

 of the Buians with that of tlie ancient fovereigns of the 

 Moflcms. His ambition led him to commit occafional afts 

 of feverity ; but his government was, upon the whole, wife 

 and beneficent. He fell ft facrifice to repeated attacks of 

 the epilepfy, at the age of 47, A. D. 982, and left fuur 

 fons, who fliared his dominions. When this prince was at 

 the point of death, he is reported to have faid, with a faultcr- 

 ing tongue, " What have all my riches and profperity 

 " availed me ? My power and authority are now at an 

 " end :" and thefe words he continued repeating till he 

 expired. Mod. Un. Hift. vol. ii. p. 410. 



ADHATODA, in Botany, a fpecies of JusTiciA. This 

 name is given to it in the Zeylanic tongue, from its fup- 

 pofed virtue of expeUing the dead foetus, which it fignifies. 



ADHERENCE, aaion of, in the Scots Laiv, is an ac- 

 tion competent to a huiband or wife, to compel either party 

 to adhere in cafe of defertion. 



ADHERGAT, in Geography, a town of Syria, on the 

 frontiers of Arabia. 



ADHESION, or Al-herence, compounded of ad, to, 

 and htrrere, to Jlici, in a general fenfe, the ftate of two bodies 

 which are joined or fattened together, either by mutual at- 

 traftion, the interpoiition of their own parts, or the im- 

 pulfe or preffure of external bodies. Anatomifts fometimes 

 obferve profphyfes, or adhefions of the lungs to the fide of 

 the thorax, the pleura, and diaphragm, which give occafion 

 to various diforders. We alfo read gf adhefions of the dura 



mater to the cranium ; of the ftone to the bladtler, though 

 fome combat this laft as a chimera ; at leaft the iiillaiiccs of 

 it are i-arc. We have alfo fevu-al cafes of adhefions of the 

 inleftines, mentioned in the Philofophical Tranfaclions, 

 N''48i. The adhcfion of two hollow heinifplitres and of 

 two poliflied planes exhibit oilier inftanccs of adhefioii. 

 See Adhesion Infra. 



Adhesion, in Logic. The fchoolmcn diftinguifh two 

 kinds of CERTITUDE ; the one of fpcculation, which arifes 

 from the evidence of the thing ; and the other of a<llicfi()n, 

 or attachment, which does not depend on the evidence, but 

 on tha importance of the matter, and the intereft wc have 

 in its truth. 



Adhesion, or Adherence, is alfo ufed for the perfifting 

 in a former opinion or refolution. After the free conference 

 between the two houfcs concerning the bill for preventing 

 occafional conformity, when the Lords retired, and it came 

 to the final vote of adhering, they were fo equally divided, 

 that in three queftions put to diftcrent heads, the adhering 

 was carried but by one vote in every one, and by a different 

 perfon each time. The Commons hkewife adhered ; and 

 thus the bill was loft. 



Adhesion, adhifion, Fr. in Ph'ilofophy, and Ch.-mijry, 

 is a term generally made ufe of to exprefs the property 

 which certain bodies have of attracting to themfclves other 

 bodies, or the force by which they adhere together : thus, 

 water adheres to the finger, mercury to gold, &c. Hence 

 arifes an important dillinction bctv/een two words, that in 

 a loofe and popular fenfe are often confounded. Adhrfon 

 denotes an union to a certain point between two dilhmilar 

 fubftances, a.n^cohefton tliat which retains together the com- 

 ponent particles of the fame inafs. See Cohesion. 



Adliefion may take place cither between two folids, as 

 two hemifpheres of glafs, which, according to an experi- 

 ment of Defaguhers, adhere to each other with a force equal 

 to 19 ounces on a furface of contaft -^l^ of an inch in dia- 

 meter ; or between fohds and fluids, as the fufpenfion of 

 water in capillaiy tubes ; or lalUy, between two fluids, as 

 oil and water. 



The proximate caufe of adhcfion has been varioufly ftated 

 by (fifferent philofophers. James Bernoulli, in his' Differ- 

 tation on the Weight of the Atmofphere, publifhed in 16M2, 

 maintains, that the refiftancc which two pieces of polillicd 

 marble oppofe to their ftparation, is owing to the preffure uf 

 the air ; in proof of which, he aihrms as a faft (what in all 

 probability he had himfelf never attempted to verify), that 

 the two plates were eafily feparable In vacuo. 



Dr. Brook Taylor having obferved, in 17 13, the afccnt of 

 water between two planes of glafs, was induced to make 

 feveral experiments on the adhefive power of furfaces, from 

 which he concluded that the degree of this force might be 

 meafured by the weight required to feparate them. About 

 the fame time Mr. Haukfbee proved experimentally the error 

 which Bernoulli had fallen into, in attributing the adhcfion 

 of furfaces and capillary attraction to the preffure of the 

 atmofphere, (Philof. Tranf. vols. xxv. xxvi. xxvii.). Ncver- 

 thelefs, in 1772, M. M. Lagrange and Cigna, taking for 

 granted a natural repulfion between water and oily fub. 

 Itances, imagined if there was an adhcfion between water and 

 oil, or tallow, that it muft be ocoafioned by a caufe different 

 from attraclion ; and having afcertained the reality of the 

 adhefion, they concluded that it was occafioned by the 

 preffure of the air, and that Dr. Taylor's method was not 

 well founded. 



Such was the ftate of opinions on the fubjcft, when, in 

 1773) Guyton Morvcau made his celebrated experiments on 



adlicdon 



