A D H 



A D I 



attraiSion, which contains fome excellent obfervations on 

 Dr. Taylor's method : he maintains, that the force of ad- 

 helion is then only tilily exprcdld by the weight of the 

 counterpoife, when upon railing the folld plate out of the 

 fluid no particles of this lall are found ndlicring to it : thus 

 the adhefion of mercury to glafs, to marble, to thofe metals 

 with which it does not readily amalgamate, is accurately ex- 

 prclTcd by the wci<,'ht necelfary to counterpoife this ad- 

 hefion ; but where the folid comes out covered with a thin 

 plate of the fluid, as is the cafe when a plate of gold or 

 filver is applied to a fiirfacc of mercuiy, it is obvious that 

 the reparation of the folid ai:J fluid does not take place at 

 their plane of adheljon, but fome way below it in the fub- 

 ftancc of the mercury, fo that the weight of the counter, 

 poife is rather the exprefiion of the coheiion of the mercury, 

 than of the adhefion between it and the gold. Hence arifes 

 the ncceffity of taking into conlldcration the cohefive force 

 of the fluids themfelves in calculating with any accuracy 

 the adhefion between folids and fluids, and this requires fo 

 much nicety, is fo liable to be afl'i-fted by fmall changes of 

 temperature and other circumftances, as to preclude any 

 great dcpendance upon it, in determining the comparative 

 energy of difTcrent cafes of chemical aflinity. 



Upon the whole then we may conclude that there exills 

 a tendency to adhefion between many, and probably be- 

 tween all fubftances in nature, abfolutcly independent of 

 atmofpherical or any other external preiTure ; that the force 

 of this adhefion between folids and fluids is in an inverfe ratio 

 to the therniomctrical temperature, and a direft ratio to the 

 fquares of the furfaccs ; that every folid adheres with a 

 peculiar force to each fluid, and that the diff"erent degrees 

 of adhefive force between the fame fluid and equal furfaces 

 of different folids form a feries which correfponds with the 

 order, and is perhaps the exponent of the proportion of 

 their refpeftive chemical aflinities to the fame fluid ; that 

 this force is truly expreflcd by the weight necefTaiy to 

 break the adhefion in all cafes where the folid comes out 

 clean from the fluid, but that whenever any particles of the 

 fluid adhere to the folid, the weight of the counterpoife is 

 then expreflive of the mixed forces of the adhefion between 

 the furfaces of the folid and fluid, and of the cohefion be- 

 tween the component particles of the fluid, which laft cafe 

 in the prefent (late of our knowledge, cannot be depended 

 on with any accuracy in the calculation of chemical af- 

 finities. Er.cyclop. Method. Art. Aclhcfirm. 



Some, however, have fiippofed, and others have allowed, 

 that, although in the cafe of pohfiied planes, brafs hemif- 

 pheres and leaden bidlets, which adhere to one another v>'ith 

 a confiderable force both in the air and in vacuo, the prin- 

 cipal caufe is their mutual attraftion, yet the preffure of 

 the air may contribute in a flight degree to their adhefion. 

 But the effefl. of this caufe is very inconfiderable, and, 

 compared with the other, fcarcely deferves notice. 



vVdhesion, in Surgery, the fame as agglut/nAtion, 

 a preternatural procefs, by v^hich various parts of the body 

 cohere together and becon;e one mafs. A partial cohefion, 

 for example, often takes place between the pleura of the 

 lungs and ribs, between the heart and pericardium, the 

 hver and diaphragm, or between other contiguous vifcera, 

 after an attack of inflammation. This procefs alfo follows 

 if two abraded or ulcerated furfaces be applied for fome 

 time to each other, as when the fingers have been feverely 

 burnt and not kept afunder. What is' called " healing of 

 ■WOUHUS by the tu-fl; intention," likewife comes under this 

 •denomination : the doftrine of adhefion is, therefore, of con- 

 fiderable importance in furgery, and fhovild be carefully at- 

 tcjided to. The right underltandin^ of tliis doftrine has 



led to many of the greateft improvements in modem prae» 

 tice, efpecially in the extirpation of tumors, in the treat- 

 ment of recent wounds and in amputation. The per- 

 feft UNION of living parts can only happen where there is 

 a mutual elongation or inofculation of the blood-veflels at 

 the two contiguous furfaccs, or at Icaft where the veffels 

 from one part flioot into the adjacent fubftance, and thus 

 keep up a vital communication. 



ADHIIo in yfjiroriomy, a liar of the fixth magnitude, 

 upon the garment of Anjiromeda, under the lall ilar in 

 her foot. 



ADHOA, in yfndent Cifioms, denotes what we otker- 

 wilc call RELIEF. In which fenfe we alfo fometimes find 

 the word written adoha, adhoummltitn, and adbogamcntum. 

 Du Gauge. 



ADJA, or Agga, in Geography, a burg and fort of 

 Guinea, on the coait of Fantin, belonging to the Eall India 

 Company. 



ADIi^BA, in Ancient Geography, a town built by Simon 

 Maccabsus, in a plain, or fephala, as a place of defence. 



ADIABDA, a town of Afia, in Albania, placed by 

 Ptolemy in long. 79^, and lat. n.^° 30'. 



ADIABENE, thechiefprovinceofAflyria, which forac- 

 times gave its name to the whole country-. It was fo called 

 according to Aramlanus, (1. xxiii. c. 20.) from the two 

 rivers Diaba and Adiaba, which Valcfius (in loc.) fays, are 

 more frequently denominated Zabas and Anzabas. Stephn- 

 nus (de Urb. vol. i. p. 22.) confounds Adlabene with 

 Mefopotamia. In this province, which was the richeit and 

 moft fruitful of Afl"yria, Ptolemy (1. vi. c. 1.) and Ammi- 

 anus place Ninus or Nineveh, Gaugam.ela, and Arbela ; 

 and with them Stri'.bo (I. xvi. vol. 2. p. 107 1) agrees; for 

 though he places Ninus and Gaugamela in Aturia, and 

 A:bela in a diftritl of its own name, yet he makes both 

 Aturia and Arbelis parts of Adiabene. This province be- 

 came a difl:in£t kingdom in confequence of the difturbances 

 that prevailed among the Seleucidj;, and was held by fuc- 

 cciTive fovereigns in oppofition to the Syrian kings, till they 

 were expelled by the power of the Roman emperors. The_ 

 firll king mentioned in hiftory, reigned in the time of th« 

 Mithvidatic v.'ar, and joined Tlgranes agair.ll Lucullus. 

 In the reign of the emperor Claudius, Monobazus, called 

 alfo Bazeos, ruled over the Adiabenians ; who was fuc- 

 cecded by Izates, his fon, by his filler Helena, whom he 

 had mairicd. Izates, being inftrudted in the Jewilh reli- 

 gion (fee Jof. Antiq. 1. xx. c. 2. torn. i. p. 957, &c. 

 Ed. Haverc. ) introduced it among his fubjefts ; upon 

 which they confpired againft him, and called in Abias the, 

 king of Arabia, to their afiiftance. Faihng in this attempt, 

 tbcy folicited the affillance of Vologcfes, king of the Par-. 

 thians; he was equally unfuccefsful ; and Izates clofed his. 

 life and reign in peace, and left five fons, who were edu- 

 cated under their grandmother PIclena at Jerufalem, and 

 there taught both the Jewifli language and religion. Little 

 is known concerning the affairs of this kingdom from the 

 death of Izates, who was cotemporary with the emperor- 

 Claudius, and who bequeathed his crown to his brother 

 Monobazus, until the reign of Trajan, when it was go- 

 verned by one Mebarfapes, who joined Chofroea, king of 

 the Perfians, againft the Romans. This war proved un- 

 fuccefsful, and Mebarfapes was driven from the throne ; 

 and though Manus king of Arabia, attempted to refl.ore 

 him to the kingdom, his enterprife for this purpofe was 

 ineffeftual, and he was obliged to conclude a peace \vith 

 Rome. Trajan, having obtained poireffion of Adenyflra:, 

 a fortified place of great ilrength, wliich was dehvered to 

 him by Sentius, a centurion, who had efcaped the treachery 



