A D I 



of Mfbarfapes, fonned a biidg-e of boats ovtr the river 

 Tig^ris, and made himiclf mailer of the whole kingdom of 

 Adiahcne, A. U. C. 860, or in the 115th year of the 

 Chriilian wra. The Adiabenians, however, emancipated 

 themfelves from the Roman yolve ; but were again reduced 

 by Sevcrus, A.U. C. 94S, denominated from tiiis circum- 

 ttance Adiabcnieus. See Dion. Cafs. Hill. Rom. vol. ii. 

 p. 1 137. Ed. Reimari. In the reign of Sapor 11. king of 

 Perfia, the Adiabenians, as we learn from Sozonien (1. ii. 

 c, 12.) embraced the Chriilian rehgion, and were on that 

 account treated with great cruelty by this king, to whom 

 they were fubjetl. 



ADJACENT, or Adjoining, of ad, to, and jc.ceie, to 

 lie, fomething lituate near, or by the lide of anotlier. 



Adjacent ir;,vo-/c. See Angle. ■ 



ADIADA, in Anc'tcnt Geography, a town of Palellinc, 

 in the tribe of Dan. See Adida. 



ADIANTUM, Ma'uL-nhair, in ^o/^/y, the name of a 

 genus of plants of the crypiogamia JlUces clafs and order, 

 the charaflers of which are thefe ; tliat tlie frudtihcations 

 are collefted in oval fpots, at the end of the fronds or leaves, 

 which are folded back ; or at the reflex tip of the frond 

 underneath. Prof. Martyn enumerates thirty-five, and 

 Gmelin forty-four, fpccics ; of thefe fome have a fimple 

 frond, viz. I. A. remforpie, a native of the iiland of Ma- 

 deira, and introduced here, in 1778, by JVIr. F. MafTon. 

 2. A. fagtitaiiiin. 3. A., philippenfe, a native of the Philip- 

 pine iflands. 4. A. npens, native of the ifle of France. 



5. A. ikatmns. Others have a compound frond, viz. 



6. A. tnloltiiii, native of America. 7. A. radialum, an ele- 

 gant plant, with fmall fronds, a native of Jamaica and Do- 

 mingo. S. A., ptdulum. g. A., fiifcum. 10. A. caudatum, 

 native of the Eaft Indies and Japan. 11. A. femdalum, 

 native of Jamaica. 12. A. hajlatum, native of the Cape of 

 Good Hope. 13. A. lanceiw., native of Surinam. 14. A. 

 macroplylluin, native of Jamaica. \^. K. dehoidcum, native 

 of Jamaica. 16. A. punulum, native of Jamaica. 17. A. 

 cunca!um, native of Jamaica. 18. A. triphyUum, a beautiful 

 little fern, found by Commerfon in Buenos-Ayres. Thofe 

 with a decompound frond are ; 19. A. dtnticulatum, native of 

 Jamaica. 20. A. jlaidlulatum, native of China. 21. A. 

 trifoliatum, native of America. 22. A. chufanum, native of 

 China. 23. A. capllliu luncris. 24. A. trtmcjtum. 25. A. 

 ^uianenfi. 26. A. crijlatum, native of South America. 27. 

 A.furcatum. 28. A. j^/'/V/wot, native of Jamaica. 29. A.yir- 

 rattim. 30. A. v'lUuJum, native of Jamaica. 31. A. piike- 

 nikiilvm, native of South America. 32. A. caffrorum. 33. 

 A._/ri7^;-i7«j,orPolypodium fragrans, native of Madeira, intro- 

 duced here, in 1758, by Mr. F. MafTon. 34. A. Jliiatn.n, 

 native of Jamaica. 35. A. niicniphyUum, native of Jamaica. 

 36. A. lorboiilciim. 37. A. ienellum. 38. A. fciv.dins, na- 

 tive of Cochinehina. Thofe with a fuper decompound 

 frond are, 39. A. fragde, native of Jamaica. 40. A. 

 Uncrmn, native of Jamaica. 41. A. clavatum, native of 

 Dominica. 42. A. trapc-zifurme, native of New Zealand, 

 and between the Tropics. 43. A. aciilealum, native of 

 Dominica and Jamaica. 44. A. hexagoimm, or Pteris 

 heterophylla. 45. A. ptcroides, native of the Cape of Good 

 Hope, introduced, in 1775, by Mr. F. MafTon. 46. A. 

 JEih'wpicum, native of the Cape of Good Hope and Japan. 



Of all the fpecies above enumerated one only belongs to 

 Great Britain, viz. the A. cap'dlus •veneris, or true maiden- 

 hair, which is found rarely in Scotland and Wales on rocks 

 and moifl walls, and which is a native of the fouth of Eu- 

 rope and the Levant. The fronds or leaves of this fpecies 

 are doubly compound ; the leaflets or wings arc alternate ; 



A D I 



the pinnas or leafits are wcdge-fhapcd, lobcd, and pfdJcelled, 

 or on leaf-llalks : it is perennial, and flowers from May to 

 September. This is a veiy fuceulent plant, yielding almofl: 

 its whole weight of juice ; but neither its tafle nor fmill 

 promifes any efficacy. If the fyrup of capiUairc, which it 

 made from it, be good for any thing, it is from the orange- 

 flower water that is put into it. The A. fcdalum, or Cana- 

 dian maiden-hair, is a native of Canada, Japan, and the 

 Society ides, and was brought into England from Virginia 

 by John Tradefcant, the Ion, before the year 1640. It 

 flowers in Augull and September. In Canada this plant 

 grows fo plentifully, that the French, when they were in 

 poflefTion of that country, fent it to France as a package for 

 goods, and the apothecaries at Paris ulcd it inllead of the 

 true maiden-hair. The leaves of both thefe fpecies have 

 a (light fwcetilh roughilh talle, and a pleafant but weak 

 fmell, ver)- perceptible when boiling water is poured upon 

 them. Infulions, or decoftions of them infpin'ated, yield a 

 moderately rough, bitterifh, mucilaginous extract. Maiden- 

 hair has been long elleemcd good againft difordeni of tlic 

 breafl, for promoting expcftoration, foftening recent coughs, 

 and allaying the tickling in the throat occafioned by de- 

 fluxions of thin rheum. For thefe pui-pofes a fyrup of the 

 true fort, flavoured with orange-flower water, has been 

 ufually brought from France ; and a fyrup of the Canada 

 fort, made with maple fugar, is fometimes received from 

 America. Our confeiitioners prepare a fyrup of the maiden- 

 hair, which they fell under the name of capillutre. But the 

 Enghlh maiden-hair, or asplenium, has been commonly 

 fubllitutcd in the pecloral fyrups and infufions made among 

 us. The Canada fpecies is faid to be fuperior to both. 

 But the virtue of the maiden-hair may be obtained to much 

 greater ad,vantage, by drinking an infulion of the herb as tea, 

 fweetened either with fugar, or by the addition of a little 

 liquorice. Lewis, Mat. Med. 



Culture. The only fpecies that have been cultivated with 

 us are the ift, 8th, 23d, 3cth, 33d, 42d, and 45th, in the 

 above enumeration. The A. capdlus -veneris may be pre- 

 ferved in pots filled with gravel and lime-rubbifh, in which 

 it will thrive much better than in good earth. The A.ped,i- 

 tum will live through the winter in the open air, if the fcafoii 

 be moderate ; but as fevere frofts will fometimes dcllroy it, 

 a plant or two flionld be kept under flicker. The A. villo- 

 fum, and A. trape^iforme mull be prefen'ed in a ilovc, and 

 will afford by their fhining black llalks, and odd-fliaped 

 leaves, an agreeable variety among other exotic plants. 

 The A. ren'iforme, frcigrans, and pteroldes, may be kept ill 

 the green-houfe. 



Adiantum aureum. See Polvtrichum. 



Adiantum ti/gruin, a fpecies of Asplenium. 



Adiantum, in Nalurtil liifiory. See TubulariA. 



ADIAPHORISTS, or Adiaphorites, compounded 

 of a /ic/i). and ^iK^ofoj, different, a\v\ AcmAma indijfereni ; in 

 Eceltfiajikal Hijlory, a name given in the l6th centur)' to 

 the moderate Lutlierans, who adhered to the fentiments of 

 Melanfllion ; and afterwards to thofe who fubferibed the 

 Interim of Charles V. Melan('thon, whofe fentiment* 

 were moderate, and temper mild and gentle, declared on thi» 

 occafion, that, in his opinion, compliance was due to the 

 Imperial edifls in matters of an indjjfercnt nature : but both 

 he and his aflbciates ranked in this clafs many things which 

 appeared to Luther and his diiciples to be of the highefl 

 importance ; particularly the do6lriiie of juflification hy 

 faith alone, and the neceflity of good works to ttenial fa'- 

 vation, as well as the number of the facraments, the jurif- 

 diclion claimed by the pope and the billiops, extreme 



unctibu; 



