A D J 



■p. 199) directs us to conililcr tlie genius of tliofe tongues. 

 They avoided, as much as polTible, legardiiig qualities Tcpa- 

 ralely, or in the abllrad. They made the adjedive depend 

 on its fuhlhintive, and leftmble it in termination, number, 

 and gender, in order that the two might coalefce the more 

 intin-ately, and be joined in the form of cxpredion, as tiiey 

 were in the nature of things. Thus alfo they favoured that 

 liberty of tranfpofition, uliieh tiiefe languages- allowed. 

 In the Engliih fentence, " Beautiful wife of a brave man," 

 the juxtapoiition of the words prevents all ambiguity. But 

 in the Latin, " Formofa foitis viri uxor," it is only the 

 agreement in gender, number and oafe, of the adjedive 

 ^'■formofa," which is the rirft word of the fentence, with the 

 fubftantive " uxor," which is the lall word, that declares the 

 jmaniag. 



The learned Mafclef obferves, (Gram. Heb. v. i. p. 56.) 

 that in the Hebrew language, all thofe words are adjedives 

 which are eiianged from the mafcuhne into the feminine by 

 the addition of the letter ~, as •y\\2 ^"""^1 PlDID l-oii!i,&.c. 

 and therefore the Hebrews refer to the clafs of iiiljecllves 

 many words which we (liould rank as fubllantives. There 

 are many diilinguifliing idioms of the Hebrew language that 

 refult from the ufe and application of the adjective : e. g. 

 the fubilantive precedes it, as npiR T> "i"""" foriis ; and 

 when the contraiy is the cafe, the verb fubilantive is under- 

 ftood, as in Pi', xxxiii. 4. Pf. xxxii. 10. except when numeral 

 adjedives occur. 



Again, the Hebrews often cxprefs their adjedives bv fub- 

 ftantives, w!th the prepofitions ^, *7> j5 prefixed ; as 

 H'tSD ITiVJtyN' Pf- xc. 4. ciijlodia in noBe, i. e. tmlurnir. 

 TiiUo Hebrail'ms occur in Matt. xxii. 16.; Luke iv. 32. 

 I Tim. ii. 7. ; 2 Pet. ii. 13. ; iMark v. 2. ; I John v. 19. 

 With ^ prefixed niUV*? '"^j/ VH If- i- H- Fuenint 

 niihi oneri, i. e. onsrqfi. A limilar inftance occurs John viii. 

 52. fiavalov Ei; tov aiiva, mortem in letenmm i. e. aUrnnm. 

 With r> prefixed, ly'Q "i'lri- ^- l-^'^- H- "P"' d-' fyh'", 

 i. e. fylvejlrn. Similar modes of expreffion occur in i John 

 iv. 5. Rom. iii. 26. Rom. iv. 14. Matt. v. 37. Moreover, 

 the Hebrews fometimes exprefs adjedives by fubftantives 

 without any prepofition, or in the language of grammarians, 

 they ufe the abftrad for the concrete : as, "'"I'lyti^ EDH? 

 Jud. vii. 13. pints hardei, i. e. horchaceus. Similar to wi'(icli 

 are Eph. v. 8.; Luke xvi. IJ.; John xvii. 17.; 2 Cor. v. 

 21. When two fubllantives occur, one is* fometimes taken 

 for an adjedive, and fometimes the other, as Ht^Jii' n'7Dn 

 Ff. cxxxix. 22. p^rfsdlone od'ii, i. e. perfcclo odio. Hebraifms 

 of this kind are found in [ Cor. i. 21. ; Gal. iii. 14.; i 

 Cor. i. 25.; Phil. iv. 5.; 2 Pet. ii. 14. Adverbs are fome- 

 times fubitituted for adjedives, as "^nO CZDV Gen. xxx. 

 33. dies cms, 1. e. crqjlinus. Similar expreffions occur in 

 Matt. vi. 34. ; Luke x. 29. ; 2 Pet. i. 9. and alfo in tlie 

 Greek and Roman claffics. See Mafclef. ubi. fup. p. 256 



-265. 



Adjectives, in Logic, are divided into four kinds ; the 

 nominal, the verbal, th-e numeral, and the pro-nominal. The 

 nominal are thofe which dillinguilh certain fpecies by fome 

 inherent and permanent quahty, which arifes either from the 

 nature of the thing, or from its fonn or lituation ; fuch as 

 good, black, round, external, &c. The verbal, are thofe 

 which denote fome accidental or adventitious quality, which 

 appears to be the effed of an adion which paffes, or has 

 palTed, in the thing under confideration, inch as rampart, 

 domineering, carejjing, embellijhing. Sec. Numeral adjectives 

 are thofe which rank any fubjedin numerical order, z.i,jirjl, 

 fecottd, Injl, &c. Pro-nominal are thofe which do not con- 

 cern either fpecies, adion, or arrangement, but are merely 

 JBdicatipuG of individuality ; thefe adjedives are either />av 



A D I 



fotial, as mine, thine, &c. or tliey have a vague and ir.detep- 

 minatc meaning, fuch as feme, one, many, &c. ; or lailly, 

 thev fcrve the purpofc of mere indication, fuch as, iLli, that, 

 fuel), Sic. 



Verbal and nominal adjedives, arc alfo called coscuktes. 

 Some dillinguilh adjedives into phy'tcat and metaphyficai'; 

 the former being ufed to dillinguilh phylieal tlk'iices, in 

 confeqnence of t!i- immediate impreHlons tiuy make U|J»n 

 us ; the latter to denote thofe wliich arc metaphyfical and 

 abllradtd, in coufequencx- of fomo operations of 0111 mind* 

 with regard to them. 



ADIENUS, or Adineus, m Ancient Geography, a river 

 which emptied itfclf into the Euxine Sea, probably near 

 Colchis, in the territory of the licnioclii. 



ADJE ROUTE, in Geography, the name now g_iven 10 

 the ancient Heroopolis. 



ADICE, anciently Athesis, a river of Italy, which 

 rifes fouth of the lake Glare, in the Rhitian Alps, runs 

 fouth by Trent, and cad by Verona, and falls into the gulf 

 of Venice, north of the mouth of tlie Po. This river 

 ferves by the treaty of peace between France and Aullria, 

 figned at Luneville, February 9th, i8or, for the limit be- 

 tween the Hates of his Imperial m.-ijelly, and thofe of the 

 French republic ; and the freedom of its navigation is efta- 

 blillud, lo that neither party Ihall be allowed to fix any toll 

 upon it, or to have upon it any armed liiip of war. 



ADJI, a river of Hindollan, which difcharges itfelf into 

 the Hoogly, 11:^ miles well of Kilhenagur, in the province 

 of Bengal. 



ADILL, in Zoology, a name given to the Canis Au- 

 reus of Linn.fii';, .-Mid Adive of Buifon. 



ADIMA, in Botany, a fpecies of Sauvagesia, with 

 ramofe ftalks. 



ADIMAIN, a name given by Leo Africanus and Mar^ 

 mol, to a variety of Iheep, called by Naturalilts the African 

 or Senegal sheep. 



ADIMANTUS, in Biography, a difciple of Mani, who 

 probably flourilhed about the cloL- of the tliird centur)', and 

 wrote a book againfb the law and the prophets, endeavour- 

 ing to llicw the difagreement between the Old and the New 

 Tellaments, and that confequently tlu former could not be 

 of God. This book was confuted by Augulline, who fup- 

 pofed this Manichsan to be the fame with Addas. Til- 

 lemont likewile, Lardner, and many otliers are of the fame 

 opinion ; but Cave (Hid. Lit. t. i. p. I45.) fuppofes 

 them to be dltferent perfons. The book of Adimantus 

 was every where conlldered by the Manichees as one of 

 their bell books. It was famous in Africa, and was alfo 

 ufed by the Manichees in Alia, who afcribed it to Addas ; 

 but it is not now extant. Lardner's Works, vol. iii. p. 395 



ADIM.\R[, Alexander, a defceiid,7nt of the ancient 

 and noble family of Florence, was bom in that city A. D. 

 I5'79. lie devoted himfelf in early life to the lludv of the 

 Greek language, and alfo to poetry, traiiilatcd Pindar into 

 Italian verfe, and wrote original poems. He was honoured 

 by Ferdinand II. duke of 'Pufcany, aiid much elleemed by 

 learned men. The troubles that befell him were alleviated 

 by his tafle for poetry, which was his occupation and de- 

 light. He died in 1649, at the age of 70 years. Geu. Did. 



ADIMARI, Raphael, a native of Rimini, who lived 

 towards tlie latterend of the ifith century : wrote a hiiloiy 

 of his country, which is held in good ellimation, though 

 that of Clementine is preferred by the Italians. It was 

 publiflied in 410. at Brefcla in 1616, under the title of 

 " Sito Rimenfe." 



AD INQIJIRENDUM, in Law, a judicial wiit, com- 

 manding inquiry to be made of any tiling touching a c.mltf 

 5 dcpendiog 



