A D I 



A D I 



examination, to be quite white, and for tlie moft pnit 

 changed into the foapy matter above mentioned. From 

 this hint, pieces of lean beef were inclofcd in a perfoiutcd 

 box, and placed in running water, and at the end of a 

 month were found converted into a mafs of fatty matter ; 

 this change was obfcrved tu take place much fooner and 

 more completely in runni.ig than in ftagnant water : in 

 order to get rid of the fcrtid fmell, nitrous acid was had 

 recourfe to, which inimcdiately had the defired efTedl ; a 

 waxy fmell was perceived, and by melting the matter it was 

 obtained nearly pure ; the yellow colour which had been 

 given to it by the nitrous acid, was wholly difcharged by 

 the oxymuriatic acid. A fmiilar converfion of mufcular 

 fibre takes place by maceration in veiy diluted nitrous acid. 

 Dr. Gibbes has not mentioned whether the fatty matter 

 produced by running water is pure adipocire or ammoniacal 

 foap ; it appears probable, however, that it is in the former 

 ilate ; where nitrous acid is the menftruum employed, it is 

 obvioufly impcfiiMo that the adipocire (hould be combined 

 with an alkaU. Annates dc Chimie, vol. iii. 120. v. 15^. 

 vii. 146. viii. 17. Pliilof. Tranf. for 1794. (vol. Ixxxiv. 

 page 169.) 



ADIPOSUS, fat Of fatty, is a word chiefly ufed in ana- 

 tvmy, as an epithet of certain cells, dufts, membranes, and 

 veffels ; e. g. membrana and tasa adipofa, cellul/e ad't- 

 fofs, DUCTUS adipofi, &c. 



ADIPPE, in Entomology, a fpecies of papilio, with 

 dentated yellow wings, fpotted with black, and underneath 

 marked with 23 filvery fpots. This infect is found in Eu- 

 rope, and is called by fome writers Cynippe. 



ADIPSIA, fornied of a priv. and ^'ij-a, th'irf}, denoting 

 a want of thirft, in Nofology, a genus of difeafe, which Dr. 

 CuUen refers to the fecond order, called Dyforexia, and the 

 fourth clafs denominated locahs. This he reckons to be al- 

 ways fymptomatic of fome dillemper affeding the fenforium 

 commune. 



ADIPSON, a name given by Hippocrates to Oxymel ; 

 who fays alfo, that the ptifTana, by its glutinoufnefs, pre- 

 vents or cures thirft. Medicines adminiftered for allaying 

 thirft are called by this name. This property led the Greeks 

 to diftinguilh \hs gkcyrrhiza glabra of Linnceus, or LicyJO- 

 RJCE, by this appellation. 



ADIPSOS, fignifies the Egyptian palm-tree, liquorice, 

 and a pill or catapotium, compofcd by Afclepiades, and 

 •mentioned by Galen. 



ADIRATUS, a price or value fet upon things ftolen or 

 loft, as a recompence to the owner. 



■ADIRIS, or Dyris, in Ancient Geography, a name 

 given to the mountains of Atlas by the Indigent, orfirft 

 inhabitants. Bochart affinns (Geog. Sac. 1. ii. c. 13. Oper. 

 tom. i. p. 89.) that Atlas was called Duris and Dyris, by 

 the Phcenicians ; and this name might probably be derived 

 from TIJJ, ad'tr, which fignifies ^;-c«/ or mighty. 



ADISAGA, a town of India, placed by Ptolemy in 

 long. 159° 30'. and lat. 23°. 



ADISALEM, a town of Gojam in Abyflinia, between 

 the Nile and the lake Dembea. E. long. 34° 50'. N. 

 lat. 10° 30'. 



ADISAMUM, a towm of the iftand of Taprobana. 



ADTSATHRA, a tov/n of India, on this fide of the 

 Ganges, which Ptolemy places in long. 128° 30'. and- lat. 

 24° 30'. 



The Adifathri, who inhabited the furrounding country, 

 tad for their metropolis Sagida. 



ADISATHRUS Mom, a mountain of India, near the 

 gulf oY "Bengal, which Ptolemy called the Gangetic t^ulf : 

 long. 132°. lat. 23°. ^ '^ 



ADIT, AniTUS, formed from ad'ire, to go to, in a gf- 

 neral fenfe, denotes the approach to, or entrance of any 

 thing : in which fenfe we meet v.'ith adit of a houfe, adit 

 of a theatre, of a circus, &c. 



Adit of a mine, the hole or aperture, whereby it is 

 entered and dug, and by which the water and ores are car- 

 ried away. 



Adit of a mine, is nearly the fame with amiculus, or 

 drfty and is diftinguifned from Ai?.-Jljnft. Phil. Tranf. 

 N'' 69. 



The adit is ufually made on the fide of a hill, towards 

 the bottom thereof, about 4, 5, or 6 feet high, and H 

 wide, in form of an arch ; foinetimes cut in the rock, and 

 fometimes fupported with tim.ber, fo condufted, as that 

 the fole or bottom of the adit may anfwer to the bottom of 

 the fliaft, only fomcwhat lower, that the water may have 

 a luflicient current to pafs away v/ithout the ule of the pump. 

 Damps and the impurity of the air are the great impe- 

 diments againfi: driving adi'-.-i above 20 or 30 fathoms, by 

 reafon of the neceflity, in this cafe, of letting down of air- 

 fliafts from the day to meet the adit, which arc veiy often 

 cxpenfive, both on account of the great depth of mines, 

 and the liardnefs of the mineral ftrata to be cut through. 

 The bell remedy againft this is that praftifed in the coal- 

 mines near Liege, where they work their adits without air- 

 fhafts : the manner of which is defcribed by Sir Robert 

 Moray. Vide Phil. Tranf. N° 5. 



Adit of n mine, is fometimes ufed for the AiK-/7jqft itfclf, 

 being a hole driven peipendicularly from the furface of the 

 earth into fome part of a mine, to give entrance to the air. 

 In this fenfe \\^ fometimes find it improperly written addit. 

 Phil. Tranf. N° 200. 



To draw off the ftanding water in winter, in deep mines, 

 they drive up an adit, or AiK-Jhaft, upon which the air dif- 

 engages itfelf from the water, when it begins to run with 

 fuch violence, as produces a noife equal to the burrting of 

 a cannon, dafties ever)' thing in the way againft the fides of 

 the mine, and loofens the very rocks at a diftance. Ibid. 

 N° 16. See Mining. 



Adit infljips, in Antiquity, was a fpace in the upper part, 

 where the Ihip was wideft, at which people entered, ani- 

 ciently called agea. 



Adits of a theatre, aditus theatri, in Antiquity, were doors 

 on the ftairs, whereby perfons entered from the outer porti- 

 coes, and defcended into the feats. 



ADITES, or the tribe of Ad, in Ancient Hijlory, a very 

 powerful tribe of the ancient Arabians, are faid to have 

 been the defcendants of Ad, the fon of Aws, or Uz (Gen. 

 X. 22, 23), the fon of Aram, the fon of Shem, the fon of 

 Noah, and, after the confufion of tongues, to have fettled 

 in Al Ahkaf, or the winding fands, in the province of Ha- 

 dramaut, where they greatly multiplied. In proctt* of time, 

 they abandoned the worftiip of the true God, and fell into 

 idolatry ; chiefly worfliipping four deities, viz. Sakia, Ha- i 

 fedha, Razeka, and Salema ; the firft of whom, as they 

 imagined, fuppHed them with rain, the fecond preferved 

 them from all '• mgers abroad, the third provided food for 

 their fuftenance, and the fourth reftored them to health 

 when afflifted with ficknefs, as their feveral names import. 

 God, it is faid, comniifiioned the prophet Hud, or Hcber, 

 to attempt their reformation : but they were obftinate and 

 irreclaimable, and were therefore deftroyed, a few of them 

 excepted, by a fufi'ocating wind. Thofe who efcaped re- 

 tired with Hud to another place. Before they were thus 

 feverely puniftied, they were vifited with a drought of four 

 years, by which tlieir cattle perifted, and they themftlvts 

 were reduced to great diftrefs. They are often mentioned 



in 



