A D I 



jn tlie Koran, and fomc commentators on tliis work pretend, 

 tlmt they were of prodigi-.iiu llature, tlie hirgcll bcin<^ loo 

 cubits high, and the kail 60 ; for which tlity refer to the 

 teftimony of the Koran. Salt's Prehm. Difc. p. 6. Koran, 

 chap. 7. p. 123. 



ADITHA, or Adithaim, in yftinail G.op-aphy, a city 

 belonging to the tribe of Judah. Jolhua, xv. 36. Eufc- 

 bius mentions two cities named Adatha, one towards Gaza, 

 and another towards Lyd la, ealt of this city. 



ADJUDGING, in I.jiv, the a£l of paffing a determi- 

 nate fentcnee in behalf of aperfon. 



ADJUDICATION, tlu- aft of adjudging the proper- 

 ty of a thing to a perfon by a legal fentencc, decree, or 

 judgment. 



Adjudication is more partit ."larly ufed for the addition, 

 or conligning a thing fold by auCiion, or the like, to the 

 liighelt bidder. 



Adjudication, in the Scots I.aiv, the name of an ac- 

 tion by which a creditor attaches the heritable tllate of his 

 debtor, or his debtor's heir, in order to appropriate it to 

 himfslf, either in payment or in fecurity of his debt ; or 

 that aiflion by which the holder of an heritable right, la- 

 bouring under any defei^t in point of form, may fiipply that 

 defetl. Adiudications were fubftituted by aft 1672. c. 19. 

 in the place of apprilings, and they are carried on by way 

 of aftion before the Court of Seffion. By that ftatute, the 

 debtor mu'l deliver to the creditor a valid nght of the lands 

 to be adjudged, being fuch as are equivalent to the princi- 

 pal and interell of the debt, and a fifth part more in confi- 

 deration of the creditor's taking land for his m.oney ; re- 

 nounce tile poirefTion in his favour, and ratify the decree of 

 tidjud'cation. This is called a fpcaal adjuduaiion : and the 

 time within which the debtor may redeem is declared to be 

 iive years ; but if tlie debtor does not produce a fufScient 

 right to the land, or is not willing to renounce the pofTef- 

 fion and ratify the decree, it is lawful for the creditor to 

 adjudge all right belonging to the debtor in the fame man- 

 ner as he could, by the former laws, have apprifed it. In 

 this gencrrd adjudication, as it is called, the creditor mull 

 limit his claim to the principal fum, intereil and penalty, 

 without demanding a fifth part more. Abbreviates are or- 

 dained to be made of all adjudications, which muft be re- 

 corded within 60 days after the dite of the decree. There are 

 two kinds of adjudications, wi.. thofe on a decree cognhiorm 

 (aufc, otherwife called contra httvcd'italem jacentem, and adju- 

 dications in implement. A new fort of adjudications has 

 been lately introduced into the law of Scotland, by 23 Geo. 

 III. for rendering the pay m.ent of the creditors of infolvent 

 debtors more equal and e.xpeditioin. 



ADIVli, in Zoology, an animal of the Jackai, kind, 

 the CAN is aureus of Linnxus, mentioned by Buffon, fome- 

 what rcfembling a fmall fox. It is kfs thai; the common 

 jackal, and is fometimes tamed, and kept in a domeilic ftatc. 

 In the Arabian language, the name Adive figuilles a wolf; 

 and its figure, hair, and voracity are analogous to the name; 

 but it is fmaUer than tlie fox, and very ttupid. It yelps 

 like tiiis animal ; and when one cries, the reft reply. It 

 roams about in the night in fearch of food, and is naturally 

 ■difpofed to conceal itlclf in the day. The adivts form large 

 packs, enter houfes and churches, where they devour every 

 thing they can find, and when they have been once accuf- 

 tomed to eat human bodies, they never fail to frequent 

 cluirch-yards in fearch of yiutrid carcafes, to dig into 

 jrvavts, to follow armies, and to attend the caravans in tliofc 

 eallern countries where they abound. Tlie adives may be 

 ■confideivd as the ravens among quadrupeds. 



ADJUNCT, Adjunc'I'i'm, in J'/ji/ojlph, foiiutliing 



A D J 



joined or fuperaddtJ to a being from without ; or, an ao 

 celFion to a thing, not eirentially belonging to it, but only 

 aceidenlal to it. 



There arc two kinds of adjutii'is ; the one a fubllance 

 (''• S- fp'''' "■■ body) accidentally fiiperaddcd to another, at 

 its Inbjtft — Such is water in a fponge, or vefie!, .ind fuch 

 is the i'oul in the body. Tlie fecond an attribute or mode, 

 accidentally likewifc fupenidded to a fubllance, whether 

 body or fpirit. — Such is figure in a body, knowledge in the 

 mind, &c. 



In ethics, they ufually reckon feven adjunHs, popularly 

 called circuwfanca ; quii, quid, ul/i, quibut auxiliit, cur, 

 quomod'j, quando. 



Adjunct, in Mujic, a word that is ufed to exprcfs the 

 conneftion or relation between the principal mode, and the 

 modes of its two-fifths, which, from the intervals thai con- 

 ftitute the relation between them and it, arc called its ad- 

 junfts. 



Adjuncts, in Rhetoi'tc and Grammar, are certain word» 

 or things added to others ; to amplify the difcourfe, or aug- 

 ment its force. 



Such are adjeAives, attributes, and epithets, which are 

 added to fubftantives, fubjefts, &c. to exprefs their nature, 

 qualities, accidents, &c. 



Arguments drawn from adjimSs, are fupplemcnts or en- 

 forcements of the proof ariling from the circumftauccs of 

 the faft. 



Adjunct is alio ufed in civil concerns, for a col- 

 i.EAGun, or fellow-officer, aflbciatcd to anotlier, to aflift 

 him in his miniftry, 



AdjVKCT gods, or Adjoints of the gods, in Mythology, 

 among the Romans, were a kind of inferior deities, added 

 as aflillants to the principal ones, to eafe them in their func- . 

 tion. Thus, to Mars was adjoined Bcllona and Nemcfis ; 

 to Neptune, Salacia ; to Vulcan, the Cabiri ; to the Good 

 Genius, the Lares ; to the Evil, the Lemures, &c. 



Adjuncts, or Adjoints, in the Royal Academy of 

 Scknces at Paris, denote a clafs of members attached to 

 the purfuits of particular fciences. See Academy. 



ADJUNCTION, the aft of joining, or adding, of one 

 thing to another. There are various fpecies of adjunftion j 

 viz. by adhefion, appojilion, au^acency, accusation, incubalioHf 

 imiqflior., ap-JJion, &c. 



'ad jura REGIS, is a writ that lies for the king's 

 clerk, againfl him who endeavoured to ejeft him, to t'lc pre- 

 judice of the king's title in riglit of his crown. 



ADJI^^RATION, a part of exorcifm, wherein the devil 

 is commanded, in the name of God, to depart out of the 

 body of the pofTelled, or to declare fomething. 



ADJUTAGE. SeeAjuTAor. 



ADJUTANT, formed of adjulare, to ajfijl, in the HP- 

 lilary Art, an oflker in the army, whofc bulinefs is to affift 

 the major : otlierwife called aid-ma]or. 



In the cavahy, each regiment has an adjutant, and in the 

 infanti-)-, each battahon, who receives the orders every night 

 frorK the brigade-major, which, after he has carried to the 

 colonel, he delivers out to the ferjcants. WTicn detach- 

 ments are to be made, he gives the number each company 

 mufl fnrnifh, and affigns the hour and place of rendezvous. 

 He alfo places the guards, receives and dillributes ammuni- 

 tion to the companies, and by the major's orders regulales 

 the piice of bread, beer, &c. See y?(i{f«/</n/-GENF.RAL. 



Adjutant is fomelimes alfo ufed by the French for an 

 aid <le camp. 



Ai'jv VAST ^-General, among the %^/;/j, a felecl niuvihcr 



of falliors refiding with the general of the order, each of 



«hom had a province, or country, under his care, as 



G j; z Trance, 



