ADR 



ADR 



Poor little, pretty fluttering thing, 



Mu't we no longer live togctiier ? 



And doft tliou prune thy Irembhng wing. 



To take thy flight thou know'ft not whither? 



Thy humorous vein, thy plcafuig folly, 



Lies all negle(^ed, all forgot : 



And penfive, wav'ring, melancholy, 



Thou dread'ft and hop'il, thou know'ft not what. 



Prior. 



Ah ! fleeting fpirit ! wand'ring fire, 



That long hall warm'd my tender hreaft. 



Mull thou no more this frame infpire ? 



No more a pleafing chearful gucll ! 



Whither, ah, whither art thou flying ? 



To what dark undifcover'd fliore ? 



Thou feem'll all trembling, lliiv'ring, dying, 



And wit and humour are no more ! 



Pope's Works, vol. vii. p. lS6. 

 "ec Spartian in Adrian. Dion. Cafl". Hiil. Rom. torn. ii. 

 p. 1 149 — 1170. Ed. Reimari. Anc. Un. Hi.i. vol. xiii. 

 p. 265 — 293. Crevier's Rom. Emp. vol. vii. b. 19. p. 129 

 — 222. 



Adrian I. Pope, fucceeded Stephen III. in the papal 

 chair, A. D. 772. He was the fon of Theodore, a Roman 

 nobleman, and poffefled conl'iderable talents for bulincfs. 

 He maintained a fteady attachment to Charlemagne, which 

 provoked Defiderius, king of the Lombards, to invade the 

 ilate of Ravenna, and to threaten Rome itfelf. Charlemagne 

 recompenfed his attachment, by inarching with a large 

 army to his fuccour ; and having gained many confici^rable 

 advantages over Defiderius, and recovered the cities which 

 he had taken, he vifited the pope at Rome, confirming the 

 grants made by his father Pepin, to which he added new 

 donations, and formed a perpetuiil league of friendlliip be- 

 tAveen the growing power of France and the efiablilhed fu- 

 premacy of the Wellern Church. On this occafion he ex- 

 prefied his piety, by the humiliating ceremony of kifling 

 each of the ileps, as he afcended to the church of St. Peter. 

 Pavia, during this vifit, had been left in a ftate of fiege ; 

 on his return it furrendercd, and the dynafty of the Lom- 

 bard princes, which had lalled 206 years, was terminated in 

 the year 776. When frefli diilurbances occurred by the in- 

 terference of the bifliop of Ravenna, who claimed and 

 feized the exarchate and the dukedom of Feriara, which 

 Charlemagne had reftored to the pope ; this prince renev/ed 

 liis vifit, and fettled the affairs of Italy. In return for 

 thefe fervices, he obtained the title of king of the Lombards, 

 and the rights of temporal fovereignty in the territory of the 

 Roman fee. Adrian now directed his attention to the aflairs 

 of the church : and as Irene, who, in 780, affumed the re- 

 gency at Conllantinople, during the minority of her fon 

 Conliantine, wiflied to rellore and ellabHfh the worfliip of 

 images, (he applied to Adrian for his concurrence. The 

 pontifl' readily aequiefced in her propofal for callinjif a coun- 

 cil, and commiiTiontd two legates to attend it. The coun- 

 cil, however, which held its firfl meeting in 786, was dif- 

 perfed by an infurreftion of the citizens. At the next 

 meeting in the city of Nice, in 787, which v^as protetled 

 by a military force, a decree was pafied for reftoring the 

 •worfliip of images. Adrian approved the decree, but in the 

 wellern church it was deemed heretical and dangerous. C':ar- 

 lemagne condemned the innovation, and the French and 

 Englifli clergy concurred in oppofing it. A trcatife, con- 

 taining 120 heads of refutation, was circulated, as the 

 work of Charlemagne, under the title of " The Caroline 

 Books," in oppofition to the decree of the council. Tiiis 

 work was prefeuted to the pope by the king's ambaflador, 



and the pope wrote a letter to Charlemagne by way of re- 

 ply. The king, and alfo the Gallicaii and Englifh chuiclies, 

 retained tiicir fentiments ; and, in 794, a council was iicld 

 at Frankfort on tiie Maine, coiifilling of about 300 weftcm 

 bilhops, by which every kind of imagc-worfliip was con- 

 demned. Adrian did not live to fee a termination of 

 tliis conteil ; for after a pontificate of nearly twenty-four 

 years, he died in 795. Tiiis pope dcjes not iqjpear to have 

 polTcfled any confidtrable erudition, ana few examples occur, 

 during his pontificate, of ecclefiaflical reformation. He 

 feems to have diretled his chief attention to the embellifh* 

 nient of the churches, and tlic improvement of the city of 

 Rome ; and he was probably furniflied by Charlemagne, 

 out of the plunder of his conquells, with ample mcani for 

 this pni-pofe. The king was much attached to him, and is 

 faid to have flied tears on occafion of his death. He wrote his 

 epitaph, which is flill fcen in St. Peter's at Rome, in thirty- 

 ciijht Latin verfes. Dupin. vol. v. p. 113. Bower. Gen. 

 Biog. 

 , Adri'\n II. Pope, fucceeded Nicholas I. A. D. 867. 



Ha 



twice refulcd the dignity, he accepted it in the 76th 



year ol his age, at the united requell of the clergy, nobility, 

 and people. Tlie conteil for power between the Greek and 

 Latin churches had been very violent lome years before his 

 acceflion to the papal chair. Photius, who, in 858, had 

 been appointed patriarch of Conllantinople by the emperor 

 Michael, had been exeommunieated bv pope Nicholas I. in 

 a council ailembled at Rome in 862 : and the pope himfelf 

 had been, in 866, excommunicated by Photius. The pope, 

 in order to avenge the injuries which Ignatius, who had 

 been deprived of the patriarchate and exiled, demanded the 

 rellitution of feveral Greek provinces, which the patriarch 

 of Conftantinople had fepaiated from the jurifdiftion of the 

 Roman pontilT. Bafil, the new emperor, recalled Ignatius 

 to the dignity of patriarch, and confined Photius in a mo- 

 nadery. The relloration of Ignatius was approved by a 

 council held at Conftantinople, in 869 ; and by tlie decrees 

 of this council, the difputes between the Greek and Latin 

 churches were fufpended. But circumftances occurred 

 whicii fei-vcd to revive them. The Bulgarians had applied 

 to this council for information, whether they fliould be fub- 

 jecl to the church of Rome, or that of Conllantinople. The 

 conteil whicli this cjuellion produced, terminated in lavoiir of 

 the patriarchate ; and Ignatius expelled the Latin mif- 

 fionaries from Bulgaria, and appointed Greeks in their 

 room. 



Adrian, during this conteft for power with the eaftem 

 patriarch, was extending his authority over the kings and 

 princes of the weft. He employed his whole intereft to in- 

 duce Charles the Bald, who had taken pofleflion of the 

 kingdom of Lorrain, and who had been crowned at Rheims 

 by the archbifliop Hincmar, to relinquifli it in favour of the 

 emperor ; and he even fcnt legates to the king, after having 

 attempted to engage Hincmar, the clergy, and the nobility 

 to defert him, ordering him to furrender to the emperor's 

 right. The king was invincible ; and the pope was obliged 

 to give up the conteil. He alfo farther interfered in the 

 concerns of princes, by taking Charles's rebellious foa 

 Carloman, and the younger Hincmar, bifliop of Laon, un- 

 der the pro'.e6lion of the Roman fee. He proceeded in this 

 bufinefs fo far, that he was under a ncceflity of fubmitting 

 without gaining his point. Bulgaria again claimed his 

 attention, and he wiflied to rellore the jurifdidlion of it 

 to the fee of Rome. But death terminated h.s ambitious 

 projefts and his life of inquietude, A.D. 872. after a pon- 

 tificate of five years. Dupin's Ninth Centar)-, vol. vii. 

 p. 179. Moflieim's Eccl. Hift.. vol. ii. p. 351, &c. 8vo. 



Adrian 



